高一英语语法之定语从句(最新4篇)
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什么叫做定语从句【第一篇】
1. think it + adj + that
在讲今天的语法之前,我们回顾一下平时同学们在写作以及阅读中可能比较疑惑的例句:
I think it important that you tell your mother the truth.
疑惑之处在于,it后面为什么没有is?
例句采用了这样的句型:“think it + adj”。此处,it为形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句才是真实宾语,而important是宾语补足语。所以,it是形式宾语而不是主语,不需要加be动词。
一般情况下,各位更熟悉的句型是:“I think (that) it is important that.。. ”;这两者都是正确的,注意区分和辨别。
感兴趣的同学还可以去这个网站看看:English Language & Usage。它给出了以下几个类似的例句:
We do not think it necessary to go.
Some people do not think it important to be thrifty.
2. 定语从句中的that
定语从句中比较容易处理方面是,定语从句中“that”多可省略,表现为关系代词作宾语的情况:
He must be the man (that) you have been looking for.
此处,man作looking for的宾语。
至于不可省略的that,这里小编只举两例,算是比较常用的规则哦:
(1)紧接着上面阐述,除了关系代词作宾语的情况外,其余时候多不能省略that。比如小编给各位找来一个作主语的例子,各位可以举一反三:
All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子。)
此处,that指代主语,不可以省略。
(2)我们都知道that引导定语从句,可指人也可指物,算是兼有“who”和“which”的作用;但当定语从句修饰的先行词既有人又有物时,那么就只能用that且不可省略了。
I still remember the things and persons that I met when I traveled to Tibet.
接下来再给各位同学出一道题检验一下今天学习的知识点到底掌握了没有,题目如下:
This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing.
上句话中的that是否可以省略?
A. yes
B. no
答案:A、可以省略。
(1)首先我们来判断一下此处that引导的从句在句子中是什么成分:
This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing 。
由于there be句型的特殊性,并不是跟在be动词后面的就一定是宾语,there be句型本身就是一个倒装。这种句型之所以要用there作引导词,而把主语置于动词之后,是为了使主语成为信息中心,以达到引出新话题的目的。上述例句中的train是定语从句中的主语成分。
(2)认真学习的同学肯定还记得上期小编总结了一句“定语从句中that多可省略,表现为关系代词作宾语的情况”,因此各位就倾向于记住宾语之外的成分都不可以省略that,但there be结构却是特例。具体语法点为:在there be结构中出现定语从句,或在定语从句中出现there be时,用作主语的关系代词也可省略。
(3)因此,上述例句中的train虽作从句的主语成分,但由于there be结构的特殊性,that仍旧可以省略。此处特例建立在固定结构的用法基础上,也算是有规律可循的特例了。
定语从句简单例句【第二篇】
1、Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
2、He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
3、They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
4、Please pass me the book whose(of which)color is green.
5、A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
6、By the time you arrived in London,we had stayed there for two weeks.
7、My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.
8、This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.
9、He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.
10、The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
限制性和非限制性定语从句【第三篇】
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
什么叫做定语从句【第四篇】
一、指人的意思
that用于指人,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如:
A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的司机必须停车。(关系代词that指driver,在从句中作主语)
He is the man that you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。(关系代词that指man,在从句中作宾语)
He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。(关系代词that指man,在从句中作表语)
二、指物的意思
that用于指物,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如:
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。(关系代词that指plane,在定语从句中作主语)
She was annoyed by something that I had said. 她为我说的某句话而不高兴。(关系代词that指something,在定语从句中作宾语)
Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。(关系代词that指city,在定语从句中作表语)
三、不用that的情况
(1) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(2) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
四、 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(1) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(2) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(3) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。
(4) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。。
(5) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
(6) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时。
(7) 为了避免重复。
(8) 先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(9) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时