初中英语知识点总结牛津版实用4篇
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初中英语知识点总结牛津版1
1.主语:句子所陈述的对象。
2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。
3.宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。
4.系动词:表示状态或状态变化的`动词,没有实际的动作意义。如be,感官系动词(look, sound, smell,taste和feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay和remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn和go)等。
5.表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。
6.定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。
7.状语:修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。
8.补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。
例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(You是主语,shouldkeep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。(This kind offood是主语,tastes是系动词,delicious是表语。)
博观而约取,厚积而薄发。以上这4篇初中英语知识点总结牛津版是来自于山草香的牛津初中英语的相关范文,希望能有给予您一定的启发。
初中英语知识点总结牛津版2
to do sth. 和stop doing sth.
“stop to do sth。” 表示停止做其它事情而去做“to do sth。”所表示的事情,可以将“to do sth。”理解成“stop”的目的状语;“stop doing sth。”表示不做“doing sth。”所表示的事情。
例如: “Stop talking. Let’s begin our class。” said the teacher. 老师说:“别说话了,让我们开始上课。”
We have kept doing our homework for a long time. Let’s stop to listen to music. 我们做家庭作业很长时间了,让我们停下来听听音乐。
to do sth。和forget doing sth. (remember to do sth. 和remember doing sth。)
“forget to do sth。”表示将来不要忘记做某事,谈的是未来的事情;“forget doing sth。”表示忘记过去应该做的'事情。
例如: “Don’t forget to do your homework。” said the teacher before the class was over.
老师在下课前说:“不要忘记做家庭作业。”
“I’m sorry. I forgot doing my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon, Mr. Chen?” said Li Ming.
李明说:“对不起,我忘记做家庭作业了。我今天下午交好吗,陈老师?”
sth. done。(过去分词)(让别人)做某事
例如:I had my hair cut yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午理了发。
My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的电脑有故障了,我必须让人修好它。
4. 感官动词后接不带to的不定式或者现在分词的区别
例如:see sb. do sth。看见某人(经常)做某事 和see sb. doing sth。看见某人(正在)做某事
I often see him do exercise in the morning. 我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。
When I was walking in the park, I saw him drawing a picture there. 当我在公园散步的时候,我看见他正在那里画画。
5. 在主动语态中,感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch等)和使役动词(make, have, let等)要求接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,而在被动语态里,不定式要带上to。
例如:The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day.
The workers were made to work 10 hours a day.
She was heard to use strong language. 听说她骂人了。
6.常用的几个和不定式有关的句型:
Why not do sth? 为什么不做某事?
It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多长时间。
It is/was +形容词+(for sb。) +to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)怎么样。
7. 介词后面一般接动名词。同学们要特别注意介词to和不定式符号to的区别,例如下面的词组一定要记清:
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做……不喜欢做……
look forward to doing sth. 期待/盼望做某事
make a contribution to doing sth. 为……做出贡献
8. 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别
A. 现在分词含有正在进行的意思,而过去分词含有被动或者已经完成的意思,如:
a developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家
boiling water 正在沸腾的水(一般情况下水温为100℃) boiled water 开水(已经烧开的水,水温可以依然很高,也可以是凉白开)
a boy named Jim 一个叫Jim的男孩
B. 有些动词的现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词特征,但是它们的意思有区别。它们的-ing形式往往用来说明事物的特征;他们的-ed形式表示被动的意思,用来说明人的情况。
I am interested in this interesting story. 我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。
I am moved at the moving sight. 我被这动人的情景感动了。
They were amazed at the amazing facts. 他们对那些令人惊异的事实感到惊奇。
初中英语知识点总结牛津版3
初中英语备考知识点:不可数名词
1、不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如:have a wonderful time.
2、不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
3、不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形式。如:fishes(各种各样的鱼), newspapers(各种报纸), waters(河湖、海水), snows(积雪)……
4、有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。如:times 时代,works 著作,difficulties 困难
5、在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。如:a glass of milk,a cup of tea, two pieces of paper……
初中英语备考知识点:专有名词
专有名词用来指具体的'人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是:第一个字母大写,通常不与冠词连用,无复数形式。
(一)人名
英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反,姓在后面,名在前面,姓名前通常不用冠词。例如:Mary Smith;George Washington。
(1)一般熟人间通常用名称呼。例如:How's John getting on? 约翰近来好吗?
(2)在不熟悉人之间或表示礼貌时,常把姓和称谓连用。例如:Would you please tell John Smith to come to the office? 请你告诉约翰·史密斯到办公室来一次好吗?
(3)姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人。例如:The Turners have gone to America.特纳一家人去美国了。
(二)地名
(1)大部分单数形式的地名不用定冠词。例如:Asia;America;China; London;Shanghai
(2)大部分单数形式的湖、岛、山名前不加定冠词。例如:Silver Lake;Mount Tai
(3)山脉、群岛、海洋、河流、运河、海湾、海峡、半岛、沙漠名前一般加定冠词。例如:the Pacific;the English Channel;the Sahara
(三)日期名
(1)节日名前通常不用冠词。例如:Christmas;National Day
(2)星期名前通常不用冠词。例如:Sunday;Tuesday
(3)月份名前通常不用冠词。例如:April;December
初中英语知识点总结牛津版4
一。宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二。宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if 。代词:who, whose, what ,which 。副词:when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句:I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
例句:I can't tell him that his mother died.
注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是"是否"。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的`。
例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句
1在带to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there.
1在介词的后面 例句:I'm thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
2在动词后面的宾语从句 例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
3直接与or not连用时 例句:I can't say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1 if引导条件状语从句,意为"如果" 例句:The students will go on a pic if it is sunny.
2 if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句:He asked if I didn't come to school yesterday.
3 引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时 例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。
例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三。宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
例句如下:
1 I don't know what they are looking for.
2 Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3 Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四。宾语从句的时态
1主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.
3 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。 例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五。宾语从句的特点
1宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2 宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。
4whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
5 如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.