定语从句知识总结【推荐4篇】

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定语从句知识总结【第一篇】

（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导

1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as

2、关系副词：when, where, why

关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分，高考语法复习四：定语从句。

She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）

The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）

3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：

1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；

2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；

3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；

4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；

5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。

（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）

2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

Tom's father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）

（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题

1、that与which的区别。

1）用that而不用 which的情况：

①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；

②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；

③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；

④先行词既有人又有物时。

There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。

He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。

3）as引导定语从句时的用法

①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。

I want the same shirt as my friend's. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。

He made a long speech, as we expected.

He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。

Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn't like at all.

2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。

The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。

The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand.

4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用"介词 + which"来代替，英语语法《高考语法复习四：定语从句》。

October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People's Republic of China was founded.

5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。

The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.

6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。

The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.

英语的定语从句总结【第二篇】

定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：

不能引导定语从句。

2、关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

一。指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：

The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing 。

The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注：

A. 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

1、先行词为one、ones或anyone

(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

2、先行词为these时

These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.

3、在there be 开头的句子中

There is a student who wants to see you.

4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。

The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.

5、在非限制性定语从句中

A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.

B.主句以who开头的句子中，只用that,不用who。

二。指物的关系代词有which、whose（=of which）、that. 试分析：

1、 I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.

2、 The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

3、 This is the house in which we lived last year. （= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.）

4、 I live in the room whose windows face south. （= I live in the room ，the windows of which face south.）

注：

A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.

（1）。 The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

（2）。 The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.

B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。

Is this the book which she is looking for?

The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.

The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.

C. 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。

（1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。

We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.

I have told them all (that) I know.

All that can be done has been done.

（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。

The first book that I read last night was an English novel.

（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。

This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.

This is the best that can be done now.

（4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时（先行词既有人又有物），定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。

We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.

（5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。

This is the only book that can be lent to you.

（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。

Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ？

D.只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。

（1）关系代词放在介词之后

This is the factory in which we once worked.

（2）非限制性定语从句中

This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.

(3)that，Those作主语时

Those which are on the desk are English books.

E.先行词前有such、the same、 as时， 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的， the same…that…表示同一的

He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.

Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

三。比较When/which、where /which、why.

which I still never forget.

This is the day when I joined the party.

which he spent reading the books.

where I found the book.

which makes machines.

This is the place which we once visited.

which I will never forget.

which I am looking for.

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的。区别：

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。（只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。） All the students ，who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。（没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。）

从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。） 从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。） 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom（指人）、which（指物） 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom（指人）、which（指物） 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which

先研究下面两个例句：

○ elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。

○ didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。

这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：

1、 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

2、 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：

was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。

2、 The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。（不用as）

young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。（不 用as）

takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。（不用as）

has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中，as不能用which代替。如：

books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。

=Books such as this are …

=Books like this are …

live in the same building as he (does)。 我和他住再同一座大楼里。

knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。

day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。

“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况

这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：

1、 That is one of the books that are required for study at school.

2、 This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.

3、 She is one of the few persons who know Spanish 。

4、 This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,

如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：

is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.（ 修饰the only one）

He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.（ 修饰the teachers）

is the only one of the rooms that is free now. （修饰the only one）

This is one of the rooms that are free now. （修饰rooms）

as与which引导的定语从句

两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。

1、 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.

2、 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.

3、 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.

4、 as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。

She has been late again, as was expected.

Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

定语从句知识总结【第三篇】

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。

被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

关系副词有：when, where, why, how。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

关系代词引导的定语从句

1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换).

例如：

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

(which / that在句中作宾语)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：

不用that的情况：

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

c) 多用who 的情况

①关系代词在从句中做主语

A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

②先行词为those, people 时

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时

One who doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work.

④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.

⑤在被分隔的定语从句中

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。

The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.

只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。

He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.

c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

The first English book that I read was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twin.

d)先行词既有人，又有物时。

He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.

e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate.

f)关系代词在从句中做表语

He is not the man that he used to be.

关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。

例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

Im surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.

注意：

①在非限制性定语从句中，介词+ which结构不能代替关系副词。

如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。

Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?

3

名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句

She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.

There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.

There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.

as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如的意思。

As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.

用法区别：

(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

As we all know, he never smokes.

(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。

(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。

She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.

(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一种固定结构， 和……一样……。

I should like to use the same tool as is used here.

We should have such a dictionary as he is using.

定语从句知识总结【第四篇】

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？(作宾语)

注意：

(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况：

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：

Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。