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高中英语语法总结精编5篇

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动词时态,被动语态1

在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定,则要看句子的意思。多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。

1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

1)To work hard is necessary.(It is necessary to work hard.)

2)How you get there is a problem.

2、复数主语跟复数动词。

3、在倒装句中, 动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here, there开头,be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如:1)Here comes the bus.

2)On the wall were two famous paintings.

3)Here is Mr Brown and his children.

4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语,谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如:

1)Jane, Mary and I are good friends.

2)He and my father work in the same factory.

3)His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

4)The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

5)He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

6)Every picture except these two has been sold.

7)Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

8)Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.

9)Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.

5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词没有冠词。如:

1)The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow. 这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。

2)Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。

3)The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.(两个人)

6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

1)Every boy and girl has been invited to the party. 所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。

2)No teacher and no student is absent today.

3)Many a student is busy with their lessons.

7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

1)Each takes a cup of tea.

2)Either is correct.

3)Neither of them likes this picture.

8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

1)Is everyone here?

2)Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。

9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:

1)Those who want to go please sign their names here.

2)Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.

3)He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.

10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。

11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待(如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等),动词用单数形式。如:

1)The United States is in North America.

2)The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。

3)“The Arabian Nights”(《天方夜谭》)is an interesting book.

12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience(听众,观众),government等作主语时,如看作是一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;如强调各个成员时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:

1)My family is going to have a long journey.

2)My family are fond of music.

3)The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。

4)The class were jumping for joy.

13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时,既可表示复数意义,也可表示单数意义,谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如:

1)All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。

2)All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。

3)Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。

14、the + 形容词(或分词)作主语时,常指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念,谓语动词则用单数形式。如:

1)The young are usually very active.

2)The wounded are being taken good care of here now.

15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语,谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如:

1)Either you or I am going to the movies.

2)Not only you but also he is wrong.

16、不可数名词没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

1)Water is a kind of matter.

2)The news at six o’clock is true.

17、集合名词如:people, police ,cattle等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

1)The police are searching for him.

2)The cattle are grassing (吃草)。

18、population当人口讲时,谓语动词用单数形式;当人们讲时,谓语动词用复数。如:

1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

2)One third of the population here are workers.

19、the number of + 名词复数,是表示“…的数字”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;a (large / great) number of + 名词复数,表示许多,作主语时;谓语动词用复数形式。

1)The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.

2)A number of students have gone for an outing.

20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。山草香为大家整理的5篇高中英语语法总结到这里就结束了,希望可以帮助您更好的写作高中英语语法。

高中英语语法知识点总结2

名词性从句重难点

1. 在名词性从句中,疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如:

①Can you make sure ____the gold ring ?(MET90)

Alice had put has Alice put

2. 动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中,其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词;用在肯定句中,连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可,而不用 that。

3. 否定转移问题。

①将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移 我想我并不认识你。 我相信他不回来。

We dont expect he will come tonight , will he ?

注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

②将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移

看来他们不知道往哪去。

看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

4. 主谓一致问题。

5. 语气问题

① 在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,that从句常用“should+ 动词原形”的结构 我建议我们应该立刻出发。

② 在It is +过去分词+that的主语从句中 decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested, required等。

It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.

③ 在表语从句或同位语从句中

The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone.

高中英语语法常考知识

一、名词可数与不可数及修饰词:

常考的抽象名词有:advice, chalk, furniture, patience, paper, clothing, fun, power, work, oil, jewelery, homework, sugar, information, salt, knowledge, luck, weather, progress, news (word), money

注意:another不能修饰不可数名词,可说another book,不可说another news。

二、复合名词的复数形式因词而异:

1. a man driver (men drivers) a woman doctor ( women doctors)

2. a film-goer (film-goers) 电影爱好者

3. a looker-on (lookers-on) 旁观者 passers-by

4. a grown-up (grown-ups) 成年人

三、部分名词的复数形式表示特殊意义:

goods, looks(表情、外貌), manners, papers, greens(青菜、蔬菜), irons(熨斗), forces(军队), sands(做作的样子、架子) →put on airs 3. Wood can be made into paper.

He likes going out for fresh air.

四、

1. 单复数相同:sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, means, works

2. 只有复数:cattle, people

3. 常以复数形式出现:trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes, remains(遗物), contents, goods, congratulations, means, sports, preparations(准备), tears, repairs, regards, games(运动会)

4. 以s结尾的学科或专有名词常作单数:

politics, maths, physics, the United States, The United Nations

五、几组易错名词的'用法:

1. many a + 单数名词 = many + 复数名词

2. 集合名词:family, team, audience, enemy, public, group, class, government, company, police, party 作主语时,若看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数;若表示组成分子,则用复数。

The police are on duty at the street corner.

My family is / are going to have a long journey.

3. population:

1)作为“人口”的总称或“居民”的总数是不可数名词,谓语用单数。

2)问“多少人口”时,不说how many或how much,而用what。

3)在谈到“人口比多”时,常用large,great;“人口少”时,常用small,而不用much,little。

4)当谈及“有人口”时, 习惯上用have a population of。

5)当“百分数/分数+ of the population”作主语时,谓语用复数。

6)表示某个地区人口时,其前应有定冠词。

7)population不能与people连用。

The population in China is very large, and 80% of the population are farmers.

The city has a population of the million.

高中英语语法知识

1.名词(nouns)n.:

名词是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。

2.代词(pronoun)pron.:

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。

3.数词(numeral)Num.:

表示“多少”和“第几”的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。

4.形容词(adjective)adj.或a.;

很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。

5.副词(adverb)adv.:

是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、频率副词和说明性副词等。

6.动词(Verb)v.:

动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。

英语常用的句型结构3

1. 简单句

句型:主语+谓语

只包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。

2. 并列句

句型:简单句+并列连词(或连接副词)+简单句

_由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。

1、联合关系:

常用的连词有and, not only…but(also), neither…nor等。

Eg. Tom doesn’t smoke, nor does his brother.

2、转折关系

常用的连词有but, yet, still, however, while(而,然而),when(那时,然后)等。

Eg. He got up very early, (and) yet he failed to catch the morning train.

We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.

She is tired, (but) still she will make another test.

_yet 和still是连接副词,又叫半连接句。

_however(然而,不过,但是)意义接近yet,可放在句首、句末或插入句子中间。

3、选择关系:

常用的连词有or(或者,还是,否则),otherwise, or else, either…or等。

Eg. Hurry up, or we’ll be late for school.

4、因果关系

连词有:for, so, thus, therefore, and so 等。

Eg. He studied hard, thus he succeeded in passing the exam.

The Frenchman coughed loudly, so he decided to go and get some medicine for it.

_for 表示附加或推断的理由、原因。 Therefore较so更正式,and so 较口语化。

3. 复合句

句型:主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句,或只包含一个从句,但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。)

句子的成分4

一、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。

2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如:

I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there.

3.在以here, there开头的句子里,go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

例如:There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

例如:She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

3.代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。

例如:The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有:exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,

believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。

例如:I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.

2.表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如:He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.

3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。例如:She has cleaned the room. It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关,二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。)

2)汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达,如:I have seen that film.(我看过那部电影了。)但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如:When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影?我昨天看的。)不能说:When have you seen that film? I have seen it yesterday.

4.表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”。例如:

——Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.

——She knows a lot about Shanghai.-She has been there.

5.短暂动词(即瞬间动词),join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说:He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1)“ago法”:He finished the work three hours )“延续法”:He has been through(with)the work for three )“since法”:It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.

四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作。例如:He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.

2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)。例如:He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如:They were still working when I left.

3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如:I was writing while he was watching TV.

4.表示过去将来动作。例如:He said she was arriving the next day.

七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如:He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.

2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继续下去。例如:At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.

3.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如:We had expected that you would be able to win the match.

八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式:

/shall do (侧重将来行为,不突出计划安排去做某事)

going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

doing (按计划将要发生,常和表示最近的将来时间连用)

about to do (按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语,when, before引起的时间状语连用。例如:We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.

高中英语语法知识点总结5

1. when 引导的状语从句

(1)when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用。

例句:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?

when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。

例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。

2. that 引导的宾语从句

名词从句作动词宾语时,前面的that常被省略,特别是在非正式语体中。

例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。

I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。

3. which 引导的主语从句。

例句:Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。

4.过去完成时和过去将来时

(1)过去完成时(past perfect tense):强调的是过去某一动作或状态发生在另一动作前或过去某个时间常常用到的时态,或指在过去某个时间段已经发生的事情,它就是过去的过去。

①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果,用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。

②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。例句: He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。

(2)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”, 而不是时间。例句:I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。

5. there be句型:表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为There be (is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。例句:There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52个学生。

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