英语语法基础知识有哪些【精选5篇】
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史上最全的英语语法知识【第一篇】
1、 当先行词是way,且意为“方式、方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式:that/in which/不填。
注意:关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,按正常的定语从句分析。
2、 当先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲,应用that引导定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间”讲,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。
英语语法知识点【第二篇】
1)代词及be动词
主格 I we you you she/he/it they
宾格 me us you you her/him/it them
代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
be动词现在时 Am are are are is are
be动词过去时 was were were were was were
2)名词的复数
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1 一般情况+s shell→shells toy→toys
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es fox→foxes church→churches
规则3 以o结尾+s或+es radio→radios potato→potatoes
规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves life→lives half→halves
规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es sky→skies study→studies
3)动词的第三人称单数形式
规则1 一般情况+s like-likes, look-looks
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es do-does, catch-catches
规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es carry-carries, fly-flies
4)动词现在分词
规则1 一般动词加-ing look-looking, read-reading, play-playing
规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
规则3 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping
5)动词过去式
规则动词变化
规则1 一般动词加-ed look-looked, watch-watched, play-played.
规则2 以e结尾的加-d make-maked, arrive-arrived.
规则3 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried.
规则4 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped
过去式的读音
在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ walked, jumped
在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ washed, watched
在/t/,/d/后读/id/ waited, hated
6)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
比较级
规则1 一般加-er high-higher
规则2 以e结尾加-r nice-nicer
规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-er busy-busier
规则4 重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter
最高级
规则1 一般加-est high-highest
规则2 以e结尾加-st nice-nicest
规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-est busy-busiest
规则4 重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest
7)常见缩写:
is='s I am=I'm are='re
is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/
do not=don't
does not=doesn't
was='s
did not=didn't
can not=can't
have='ve
has='s
have not=haven't
has not=hasn't
will='ll
will not=won't
shall not=shan't
第二点:将来完成进行时
将来完成进行时
形式
will/shall have been+现在分词用于第一人称,而 will have been+现在分词用于其他人称。
用法
正如将来完成时一样,它通常与一个以by开头的时间短语连用:
By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years.
到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。
将来完成进行时与将来完成时的关系和现在完成进行时与现在完成时的关系一样。即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时:
1. 动作本身就是连续的:
By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years.
到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。
2. 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作:
By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years.
到了这个月底他驯马/登山就满20年了。
但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目,或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作,就必须用将来完成时:
By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains.
到本月底,他驯服的马就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了
第三点:过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时
表示一个动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到另一个过去时刻,到那个时刻,该动作可能刚刚终止,也有可能还在继续。
形式
had been + V-ing形式
用法
1. 过去完成进行时所表示的动作与过去的时间的关系,可以用时间状语来表示,也可以通过上下文来表示。
例如:
By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days. 到上个月为止,他们在这里工作大约有十天了。
She said that she had been listening to radio after school. 她说她放学后一直在听收音机。
2. 过去完成时可以表示一个动作已经结束,但其结果仍然影响到过去的某一时刻。
例如:
It had been raining and the street was still wet. 天一直在下雨,街道仍然很湿。
3. 像 work、study、stay、sing、teach等延续性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,用过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻,通常强调动作的持续性和不间断性。
例如:
She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her. 当她的同学来看她的时候,她学习有两个小时了。
4. 过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别:过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行。例如:
I was writing a letter when she came to see me. 当她来看我时我正在写信。
I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me. 当她来看我的时候,我已经写了两个小时的信了。
5. 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的不同:过去完成时表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如:
They had just had breakfast when Tom came in. 汤姆来时,他们刚吃过早饭。
They had been having breakfast for ten minutes when Tom came in. 汤姆来时,他们已经吃了十分钟的早饭了。
第四点:现在完成进行时
现在完成进行的形式
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
现在完成进行的功用
1) 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如:
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如:
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如:
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如:
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意:
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。
现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以。
现在完成进行时的否定结构
在当代英语中,现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如:
Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好。
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过,我和他没有过那许多接触。
否定句构成:
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
第五点:过去将来完成时
过去将来完成时
形式
should / would have done sth.
用法
1、 过去将来完成时表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作,并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响。
I thought you'd have left by this time. 我想这会儿你已经走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock. 他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。
I guessed that Helen would have told her something. 我猜海伦会告诉她一些情况的。
2、 过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反。
第六点:过去将来进行时
过去将来进行时:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。
基本用法:
用于间接引语:They said they would be coming.(他们说了他们将要来。)
用于定语从句:The new job he would be taking was raising racing horses.(他将要接受的新工作是养赛马。 )
作用:
1. 过去将来进行时可以表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作:
例如:He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.(他说他不能来因为要开会。)
2. 过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作:它常和表过去将来的时间状语连用,但上下文清楚时,时间状语亦可省略。和将来进行时一样,它也常表计划中的事,不表意愿或打算。它还有一个特点,即常用在宾语从句(尤其是间接引语)中。
例如:John told us that Mary would be coming next day.(约翰告诉我们玛丽第二天来。)
3. 过去将来进行时有时也可用在其它从句中:
用在定语从句中:The new name he would be using was Jack Jones.(他将用的新名是杰克琼斯。)
用在状语从句中:He would pay the rest as he would be leaving France.(其余款项,他将在离开法国时付清。)
4. 过去将来进行时也可用在独立句中:
例如:The car started. Ellen James would be driving off to the university.(车子发动了。埃伦詹姆斯要开车到大学去。)
英语语法知识点【第三篇】
不定代词
<例句>
I have no idea about it.
对此我一无所知。
<语法分析>
不定代词no在句子中作定语,此外,every也可作定语。除了这两个词外,其他的不定代词既可用作名词也可用作形容词,大多数在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) Someone (somebody) has turned off the light.
有人把灯关了。
语法分析:合成不定代词someone和somebody意思相同,都表示“某人”,但只用于肯定句,在否定句及疑问句中通常用anybody或anyone。
(2) Everybody (everyone) laughed, me included.
大家都笑了,我也笑了。
语法分析:everybody和everyone意思相同,表示“人人”、“大家”。
(3) Did any of your photos come out well?
你的照片洗出来都不错吗?
语法分析:any可代表可数名词或不可数名词名词,在句子中作主语或宾语等,可用于否定句及疑问句,肯定句用some。
(4) She is in no mood (not in a mood) for jokes.
她没有心情说笑话。
语法分析:no可构成否定句,等于not a。
(5) I never saw so many swans on the lake 。
我从未见过湖面上有这么多天鹅。
语法分析:many修饰可数名词,可用在疑问句,否定句及肯定句中,还可与too, so等词连用,much, few及little也可表示数量,与many一样,都可用作定语。
(6) None of us would have said such a thing.
我们谁也不会说出这种话来。
语法分析:none和no一样,都是否定词,none可用作主语、宾语或介词宾语及同位语。
英语语法及知识点【第四篇】
四则运算:
1)加法:在口语中,小数目的加法常用and代表“+”,is或are代表“=”。
在正式的场合或较大数目的加法用plus代表“+”,equals或is代表“=”。
7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.
13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.
2)减法:在口语中,小数目的减法用“Take away +减数+ from +被减数+ and you get +余数”
“减数+ from +被减数+ leaves/is +余数”
在正式的场合或较大数目的减法用minus代表“—”,equals代表“=”。
12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get seven.
21-7=14 Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.
3)乘法:在口语中,小数目的乘法的乘数用复数形式,用are代表“=”。
大数目的乘法用times代表“×”,is/makes代表“=”。
在正式的场合下用multiplied by代表“×”,equals代表“=”。
4×5=20 Four fives are twenty
326×238=77588
Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
Three hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
4)除法:小数目的除法:用divided by代表“÷”,equals代表“=”。
“被除数+ divided by +除数+ equals +商”;“除数+ into +被除数+ goes +商”
32÷4=8 Thirty-two divided by four equals eight.
Four into thirty-two goes eight.
大数目的除法:用divided by代表“÷”,equals代表“=”。
216÷8=27
Two hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty-seven.
英语语法知识点【第五篇】
(1)指示代词分单数和复数两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:
单数复数
限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代词:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
(2)指示代词的句法功能;
a.作主语
This is the way to do it.
这事儿就该这样做。
b.作宾语
I like this better than that.
我喜欢这个甚至那个。
c.作主语补语
My point is this.
我的观点就是如此。
d.作介词宾语
I dont say no to that.
我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that.
那并不可怕。