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TED英语演讲稿【第一篇】

My subject today is learning. And in that spirit, I want to spring on you all a pop quiz. Ready? When does learning begin? Now as you ponder that question, maybe you're thinking about the first day of preschool or kindergarten, the first time that kids are in a classroom with a teacher. Or maybe you've called to mind the toddler phase when children are learning how to walk and talk and use a fork. Maybe you've encountered the Zero-to-Three movement, which asserts that the most important years for learning are the earliest ones. And so your answer to my question would be: Learning begins at birth.

Well today I want to present to you an idea that may be surprising and may even seem implausible, but which is supported by the latest evidence from psychology and biology. And that is that some of the most important learning we ever do happens before we're born, while we're still in the womb. Now I'm a science reporter. I write books and magazine articles. And I'm also a mother. And those two roles came together for me in a book that I wrote called "Origins." "Origins" is a report from the front lines of an exciting new field called fetal origins. Fetal origins is a scientific discipline that emerged just about two decades ago, and it's based on the theory that our health and well-being throughout our lives is crucially affected by the nine months we spend in the womb. Now this theory was of more than just intellectual interest to me. I was myself pregnant while I was doing the research for the book. And one of the most fascinating insights I took from this work is that we're all learning about the world even before we enter it.

When we hold our babies for the first time, we might imagine that they're clean slates, unmarked by life, when in fact, they've already been shaped by us and by the particular world we live in. Today I want to share with you some of the amazing things that scientists are discovering about what fetuses learn while they're still in their mothers' bellies.

First of all, they learn the sound of their mothers' voices. Because sounds from the outside world have to travel through the mother's abdominal tissue and through the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus, the voices fetuses hear, starting around the fourth month of gestation, are muted and muffled. One researcher says that they probably sound a lot like the the voice of Charlie Brown's teacher in the old "Peanuts" cartoon. But the pregnant woman's own voice reverberates through her body, reaching the fetus much more readily. And because the fetus is with her all the time, it hears her voice a lot. Once the baby's born, it recognizes her voice and it prefers listening to her voice over anyone else's.

How can we know this? Newborn babies can't do much, but one thing they're really good at is sucking. Researchers take advantage of this fact by rigging up two rubber nipples, so that if a baby sucks on one, it hears a recording of its mother's voice on a pair of headphones, and if it sucks on the other nipple, it hears a recording of a female stranger's voice. Babies quickly show their preference by choosing the first one. Scientists also take advantage of the fact that babies will slow down their sucking when something interests them and resume their fast sucking when they get bored. This is how researchers discovered that, after women repeatedly read aloud a section of Dr. Seuss' "The Cat in the Hat" while they were pregnant, their newborn babies recognized that passage when they hear it outside the womb. My favorite experiment of this kind is the one that showed that the babies of women who watched a certain soap opera every day during pregnancy recognized the theme song of that show once they were born. So fetuses are even learning about the particular language that's spoken in the world that they'll be born into.

A study published last year found that from birth, from the moment of birth, babies cry in the accent of their mother's native language. French babies cry on a rising note while German babies end on a falling note, imitating the melodic contours of those languages. Now why would this kind of fetal learning be useful? It may have evolved to aid the baby's survival. From the moment of birth, the baby responds most to the voice of the person who is most likely to care for it -- its mother. It even makes its cries sound like the mother's language, which may further endear the baby to the mother, and which may give the baby a head start in the critical task of learning how to understand and speak its native language.

But it's not just sounds that fetuses are learning about in utero. It's also tastes and smells. By seven months of gestation, the fetus' taste buds are fully developed, and its olfactory receptors, which allow it to smell, are functioning. The flavors of the food a pregnant woman eats find their way into the amniotic fluid, which is continuously swallowed by the fetus. Babies seem to remember and prefer these tastes once they're out in the world. In one experiment, a group of pregnant women was asked to drink a lot of carrot juice during their third trimester of pregnancy, while another group of pregnant women drank only water. Six months later, the women's infants were offered cereal mixed with carrot juice, and their facial expressions were observed while they ate it. The offspring of the carrot juice drinking women ate more carrot-flavored cereal, and from the looks of it, they seemed to enjoy it more.

A sort of French version of this experiment was carried out in Dijon, France where researchers found that mothers who consumed food and drink flavored with licorice-flavored anise during pregnancy showed a preference for anise on their first day of life, and again, when they were tested later, on their fourth day of life. Babies whose mothers did not eat anise during pregnancy showed a reaction that translated roughly as "yuck." What this means is that fetuses are effectively being taught by their mothers about what is safe and good to eat. Fetuses are also being taught about the particular culture that they'll be joining through one of culture's most powerful expressions, which is food. They're being introduced to the characteristic flavors and spices of their culture's cuisine even before birth.

Now it turns out that fetuses are learning even bigger lessons. But before I get to that, I want to address something that you may be wondering about. The notion of fetal learning may conjure up for you attempts to enrich the fetus -- like playing Mozart through headphones placed on a pregnant belly. But actually, the nine-month-long process of molding and shaping that goes on in the womb is a lot more visceral and consequential than that. Much of what a pregnant woman encounters in her daily life -- the air she breathes, the food and drink she consumes, the chemicals she's exposed to, even the emotions she feels -- are shared in some fashion with her fetus. They make up a mix of influences as individual and idiosyncratic as the woman herself. The fetus incorporates these offerings into its own body, makes them part of its flesh and blood. And often it does something more. It treats these maternal contributions as information, as what I like to call biological postcards from the world outside.

So what a fetus is learning about in utero is not Mozart's "Magic Flute" but answers to questions much more critical to its survival. Will it be born into a world of abundance or scarcity? Will it be safe and protected, or will it face constant dangers and threats? Will it live a long, fruitful life or a short, harried one? The pregnant woman's diet and stress level in particular provide important clues to prevailing conditions like a finger lifted to the wind. The resulting tuning and tweaking of a fetus' brain and other organs are part of what give us humans our enormous flexibility, our ability to thrive in a huge variety of environments, from the country to the city, from the tundra to the desert.

To conclude, I want to tell you two stories about how mothers teach their children about the world even before they're born. In the autumn of 1944, the darkest days of World War II, German troops blockaded Western Holland, turning away all shipments of food. The opening of the Nazi's siege was followed by one of the harshest winters in decades -- so cold the water in the canals froze solid. Soon food became scarce, with many Dutch surviving on just 500 calories a day -- a quarter of what they consumed before the war. As weeks of deprivation stretched into months, some resorted to eating tulip bulbs. By the beginning of May, the nation's carefully rationed food reserve was completely exhausted. The specter of mass starvation loomed. And then on May 5th, 1945, the siege came to a sudden end when Holland was liberated by the Allies.

The "Hunger Winter," as it came to be known, killed some 10,000 people and weakened thousands more. But there was another population that was affected -- the 40,000 fetuses in utero during the siege. Some of the effects of malnutrition during pregnancy were immediately apparent in higher rates of stillbirths, birth defects, low birth weights and infant mortality. But others wouldn't be discovered for many years. Decades after the "Hunger Winter," researchers documented that people whose mothers were pregnant during the siege have more obesity, more diabetes and more heart disease in later life than individuals who were gestated under normal conditions. These individuals' prenatal experience of starvation seems to have changed their bodies in myriad ways. They have higher blood pressure, poorer cholesterol profiles and reduced glucose tolerance -- a precursor of diabetes.

Why would undernutrition in the womb result in disease later? One explanation is that fetuses are making the best of a bad situation. When food is scarce, they divert nutrients towards the really critical organ, the brain, and away from other organs like the heart and liver. This keeps the fetus alive in the short-term, but the bill comes due later on in life when those other organs, deprived early on, become more susceptible to disease.

But that may not be all that's going on. It seems that fetuses are taking cues from the intrauterine environment and tailoring their physiology accordingly. They're preparing themselves for the kind of world they will encounter on the other side of the womb. The fetus adjusts its metabolism and other physiological processes in anticipation of the environment that awaits it. And the basis of the fetus' prediction is what its mother eats. The meals a pregnant woman consumes constitute a kind of story, a fairy tale of abundance or a grim chronicle of deprivation. This story imparts information that the fetus uses to organize its body and its systems -- an adaptation to prevailing circumstances that facilitates its future survival. Faced with severely limited resources, a smaller-sized child with reduced energy requirements will, in fact, have a better chance of living to adulthood.

The real trouble comes when pregnant women are, in a sense, unreliable narrators, when fetuses are led to expect a world of scarcity and are born instead into a world of plenty. This is what happened to the children of the Dutch "Hunger Winter." And their higher rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease are the result. Bodies that were built to hang onto every calorie found themselves swimming in the superfluous calories of the post-war Western diet. The world they had learned about while in utero was not the same as the world into which they were born.

Here's another story. At 8:46 on September 11th, 2019, there were tens of thousands of people in the vicinity of the World Trade Center in New York -- commuters spilling off trains, waitresses setting tables for the morning rush, brokers already working the phones on Wall Street. 1,700 of these people were pregnant women. When the planes struck and the towers collapsed, many of these women experienced the same horrors inflicted on other survivors of the disaster -- the overwhelming chaos and confusion, the rolling clouds of potentially toxic dust and debris, the heart-pounding fear for their lives.

About a year after 9/11, researchers examined a group of women who were pregnant when they were exposed to the World Trade Center attack. In the babies of those women who developed post-traumatic stress syndrome, or PTSD, following their ordeal, researchers discovered a biological marker of susceptibility to PTSD -- an effect that was most pronounced in infants whose mothers experienced the catastrophe in their third trimester. In other words, the mothers with post-traumatic stress syndrome had passed on a vulnerability to the condition to their children while they were still in utero.

Now consider this: post-traumatic stress syndrome appears to be a reaction to stress gone very wrong, causing its victims tremendous unnecessary suffering. But there's another way of thinking about PTSD. What looks like pathology to us may actually be a useful adaptation in some circumstances. In a particularly dangerous environment, the characteristic manifestations of PTSD -- a hyper-awareness of one's surroundings, a quick-trigger response to danger -- could save someone's life. The notion that the prenatal transmission of PTSD risk is adaptive is still speculative, but I find it rather poignant. It would mean that, even before birth, mothers are warning their children that it's a wild world out there, telling them, "Be careful."

Let me be clear. Fetal origins research is not about blaming women for what happens during pregnancy. It's about discovering how best to promote the health and well-being of the next generation. That important effort must include a focus on what fetuses learn during the nine months they spend in the womb. Learning is one of life's most essential activities, and it begins much earlier than we ever imagined.

Thank you.

ted演讲稿【第二篇】

尊敬的老师、同学们：

大家好！

很多年以前，我曾经说过，时间可以改变一切。

看着那些老旧的照片，感觉好像还是活在过去，想着想着……如今，也回不到从前了，也听不到那欠扁的笑容了，其实，我以为一辈子都不会忘记的事情就在我们念念不忘的日子里，而被我遗忘了，努力想记起你们的名字，却是徒然，真的记不起了……

岁月如流水，转瞬之间，又是一年过去了。以前习惯了嘻嘻哈哈、笑容满面的我，现在时常稍作停顿，时而顾盼，时而思考，一路走来，不断的思考，不少的烦恼，也不愿错过每一处风景。时间的力量，不仅在于它可以让你重新审视这个世界，而且是一种解药可以冲淡回忆。不愿记起的、快乐的、难以释怀的、所有的记忆。也可以把人的思维方式也全盘更新一遍。突然有一天，回头再找寻原来的我，才发现我已非我。

在家的日子就是那么无聊、那么无奈。只是吃好睡好、但是同样的24小时就很难熬。每天都是傻乎乎在家发呆，在家也想了很多以前悔恨的事，走过的、路过的、玩过的……都留下我那悔恨的足迹……现在，我就要做一个全新的我，也不再是以前的我，而是“少说话，多办事”“……”的我。一切不幸之事随着时间而覆盖……

每个人都是一道靓丽的风景线，但世界不会为你而改变，环境也不会主动去适应我们自己。因而，我们只能去改变自己，去适应环境，进而取得成功。

改变自己，方可以意志的血滴和拼搏的汗水酿成历久弥香的琼浆，方可以不凋的希望和不灭的梦想编织绚丽辉煌的彩虹，方可以永恒的执着和顽强的韧力筑起固若金汤的铁壁铜墙。

ted演讲稿【第三篇】

大家好！

有句话说：世界上没有两片完全相同的树叶。更没有相同的两个人，我们不能拿普遍的眼光凭某件事看待每个人，而当我们被错误的认识时，就要调整自己的心态——做自己。

有句话说得好：走自己的路，让别人说去吧！我们生在当下，不可能让每个人赞同自己，别人对你提的建议而并非完全适合你，此时就需要自己端正心态，明确自己的路，坚定不移的走下去。李娜在取得法网冠军后长期低迷，被众人评议为昙花一现，刘翔在20__年奥运年会上因一个转身使13亿中国人民惋惜，当听到刘翔退赛的消息时，不知有多少人为之哗然。难道他们真像众人所说的不堪一击吗？如果是，那就不会有20__年7连胜的佳绩，那就不会有尤金赛中12秒87的世界纪录，他们也有沮丧，但更多的是奋起，是努力造就一个新的自己。

一个苹果，有人说它甜，有人说他酸。我们不能避免被别人评论，我们不能，但我们可以更好。

我们只想完成自己的心愿，我们要做的是努力，付出。而不是别人嘴上说的自己，因为我们只想做自己，只能做自己。

ted演讲稿【第四篇】

动物，它们是我们的朋友；动物，我们要保护它们；动物，也有尊严；动物；也有血有肉；动物，它跟我们一样，也是一条生命啊。

人们常常捕杀那些可怜的小动物，在他们的脑子里，只想着杀了他们赚钱，他们似乎已经丧失意志。如果我亲眼看见他们捕杀动物，我会问他们：“难道他们没有家人吗？你没有体验过骨肉分离的滋味，你想过那是什么滋味儿吗？它们也有血有肉、它们也知道感恩，你想过在他们即将被你们杀死的时候，心里会想些什么吗？你们不知道，有那么多无辜的小动物经过你的手被杀死，难道他们有罪吗？难道他们生下来就应该被残害吗？难道你们不该被遭报应吗？

你们可以换位思考一下，假如你是一条无辜的小动物，在你生下来的那一刻，你亲眼看见你的母亲死于非命或你被那些人给杀害了，你们心里会怎么想？你们就会亲身体验到骨肉分离的滋味吧？既然你想到这些，你们就该好好反思反思，那些无辜的小生命就该死于你们这些心肠狠毒的人手里吗？就算它们该死，也轮不到你们动手。我不知道你们知不知道，那些小生命临死之前会是什么样的神情？你们不知道，为什么？因为你们没血没肉，你们杀了那么多无辜的小动物，该死的人不是它们，而是你们，因为当你给它们东西的时候，他们会知道感恩。

也许你们会想，就是一条畜生，有什么好值钱的？杀就杀呗，反正还能给我赚点钱，你们这样想就错了，不只错，而且大错特错。对，他们虽然是畜生，它们好歹是条生命，对，它们虽不值钱，但它们不该死……

好啦，话不多说，我希望那些捕杀小动物的人，你们早一点改过自新，不然，你们早晚受到法律的制裁。

TED英文演讲稿【第五篇】

这青山灼灼，星光熠熠，秋风淅淅，晚风慢慢，也抵不过我家仙女的一泯一笑。

我的母亲，时常让我怀疑她是不是下凡拯救我和爸爸于水火之中的仙女。

比如：我的袜子找不到了，她就像知晓天下事物一样，从床底拉出“调皮”的袜子，让我暖暖和和的去上学。

爸爸，“哎呀”一声，她便习以为常的将公文包递给爸爸，爸爸呢，就会说：“女神大人威武，在下佩服佩服。”这番话逗的妈妈咯咯直笑。这是吧？是仙女吧？

记得有一次，天空中下了倾盆大雨。我在雨中急切的寻找着那抹身影，突然，那抹熟悉的身影显现在我眼前，也烙在我心里。

“妈妈这儿，这儿，这儿……”妈妈兴许是瞧见了雨中雀跃的我，我看见她眼角慢慢的扬起，嘟嚷着：“这孩子，皮的很。”

妈妈的伞下，好温暖，好温暖，不经意间。撇见了她肩上被雨淋湿的一片。于是我提醒她说：“妈，伞偏了。”妈妈柔声一笑：“没有啊。”

如今的我，比她高出些许。那是一个雨天，我举着一把伞，揽着妈妈的肩头。她提醒我说：“宝儿， 伞偏了。”“没有啊。”我模仿着她曾经的语气。揽着肩头的手用力了几分。为什么？因为搂着的是仙女呀。

时间像一匹野马，肆无惮忌地奔驰在岁月的草原上，让我摸不到追不上。时光啊！你慢些吧！我怕我来不及伴着母亲变老，来不及感受这世间最纯粹的爱。

时光啊！你慢些吧！多想能有一样东西。能拭去母亲鬓间的白发，能抚平她脸上的皱纹。好想好想……

你眼间带笑，眉间带柔，是我爱的模样。