实用买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖汇聚优质5篇

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买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖【第一篇】

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买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖【第二篇】

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买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖【第三篇】

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买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖【第四篇】

内容摘要：买卖合同是现代经济生活中最典型、最普通、最广泛的交易形式。交易中产生的买卖合同纠纷也就成为最常见的一种纠纷类型，也是人民法院审理的合同纠纷案件中数量最多的一种合同纠纷案件。1[1]买卖合同纠纷中又以质量纠纷为代表，甚至有人视质量纠纷为买卖合同纠纷的同义词。2[2]较价款纠纷、逾期交货纠纷、权利瑕疵纠纷等买卖合同纠纷中的其它案件，质量纠纷案件具有专业性强、审理时间长、审理难度大、程序多等特点。本文从我院近年审理买卖合同质量纠纷时常见的几个问题出发，分析我国《合同法》相关质量瑕疵违约责任规定的缺陷和疏漏，提出结合合同实践与司法实践，尽快完善我国的产品质量瑕疵违约制度，以期更有效地保障交易安全与效率，保护当事人的合法权益和促使生产企业提高产品质量。（全文共8741字）关键词：买卖合同质量纠纷质量瑕疵违约责任以下正文：

（一）物的瑕疵担保责任与违约责任

物的瑕疵担保责任发端于罗马法上大法官的告示，后逐渐被大陆法系各国采用。所谓物的瑕疵担保，即担保标的物

应具有通常的品质或特别保证的品质。3[3]出卖人交付的产品欠缺通常或特别保证的品质就违反了其承担的瑕疵担保义务，买受人有权行使减少价款、解除合同等请求权。

英美法系国家中没有一般的物的瑕疵担保的概念，但在英国《1979年货物买卖法》和美国《统一商法典》中都规定卖方应担保其出售的商品具有商销性和特定用途适合性的默示担保责任。买受人违反了其担保义务，应承担违约责任。我国法律亦未规定独立的物的瑕疵担保责任制度。理论和司法实践普遍认为大陆法系中的物的瑕疵担保责任在我国《合同法》上已被统合进了违约责任中。无论是大陆法系立法模式规定的瑕疵担保制度或是英美立法模式规定的违约责任制度，出卖人对标的物负有瑕疵担保义务及对物的瑕疵承担无过错责任已成为现代各国统一的规定。

依据我国相关法律的规定，出卖人违反了瑕疵担保义务，应构成违约，出卖人应当承担不适当履行的违约责任。如果因为瑕疵造成标的物以外的其他财产的损害以及人身伤亡，出卖人还应承担侵权责任。本文论述的买卖合同质量纠纷即因出卖人违反其瑕疵担保义务，出售的产品不符合法定或约定的质量标准，买受人要求出卖人承担违约责任的纠纷。

（二）瑕疵的概念

关于瑕疵的概念，近代各国立法普遍采用客观加主观标准的模式加以界定。标的物不符合其所应具备的通常性质及客观上应有的特征，或不符合当事人约定的品质，致灭失、

减少其价值或效用时即具有瑕疵。《法国民法典》第1641条规定：瑕疵使物不适合物的用途或减少其效果达到如果买方知道的话不愿购买或减少价金才愿意购买的程度时，这样的瑕疵是有害于出售之物的使用的瑕疵。4[4]英美法中称物的瑕疵为“买卖标的物不具备该种物通常具备的价值、效用、或者契约预定的效果或出卖人保证的品质”。5[5]

我国现行法未对瑕疵概念下一个准确的定义。《合同法》第153条规定：“出卖人应当按照约定的质量要求交付标的物。出卖人提供有关标的物质量说明的，交付的标的物应当符合该说明的质量要求” 。第154条规定:“当事人对标的物的质量要求没有约定或约定不明确的，依照本法第61的规定仍不确定的，适用本法第62条第1项的规定” 。第62条的规定为：“质量要求不明确的，按照国家标准、行业标准履行，没有国家标准、行业标准的，按照通常标准或者符合合同目的的特定标准履行。”《产品质量法》第40条规定的质量瑕疵有：

（一）不具备产品应当具备的使用性能而事先未作说明的；

（二）不符合在产品或者其包装上注明采用的产品标准的；

（三）以产品说明，实物样品等方式表明的质量状况的” 。

从上述规定可见我国仍是采用客观加主观标准界定瑕疵。较其他国家规定不同的是，我国界定瑕疵时采用了先主观后客观的标准，即在确定卖方提供的产品是否存在质量瑕疵时，首先以合同约定为准；合同约定不明时再以国家、行业标准确定；若无国家、行业标准，最后才按照通常标准或者符合合同目的的特定标准。

学理上按发现瑕疵的难易程度将瑕疵分为：表面瑕疵和隐蔽瑕疵。表面瑕疵又称为外在瑕疵系指存在于物的表面，无需专门检验，从标的物外观或凭买受人生活经验即能发现的瑕疵。隐蔽瑕疵，又称内在瑕疵，系指存在于物的内部，需经使用或专门测试检验才能发现的瑕疵。按照物的价值、效用、品质分为价值瑕疵、效用瑕疵和品质瑕疵。价值瑕疵是指出卖人的标的物存在灭失或减少其价值的瑕疵。这里的价值指物的交换价值，而不包括物的使用价值。效用瑕疵是指出卖人的标的物存在灭失或减少其效用的瑕疵。这种效用包括通常的效用和合同中约定的特殊效用。品质瑕疵是指出卖人的标的物存在灭失或减少其品质的瑕疵。

我国现行法中，产品瑕疵概念相关的还有一个产品缺陷的概念。依据《中华人民共和国产品质量法》第46条规定“本法所称缺陷，是指产品存在危及人身、他人财产安全的不合理危险，产品有保障人体健康、人身财产安全的国家标准、行业标准的，是指不符合该标准”。我们可以将缺陷理解为比瑕疵更严重的一种质量问题，缺陷是指具有不合理危险，可能危及人身、财产安全为特征，属于法律禁止销售的产品范围。产品瑕疵仅限于价值、效用、功能等。对承担责任的方式也有区别，产品缺陷是以损害赔偿为主，包括物质损害和精神损害，赔偿对象可以是人也可以是物，在诉讼中多为侵权之诉。产品瑕疵责任则仅限于物，不包括精神损害，在诉讼中多为违约之诉。

（三）质量瑕疵的违约责任

大陆法系中物的瑕疵担保责任，买受人能采取的救济方式主要是减少价款和解除合同，只有在标的物缺少出卖人所保证的品质，或出卖人故意不告知其瑕疵时，买受人才能请求损害赔偿，因此，修补、替换、损害赔偿等方式不能适用于物的瑕疵担保责任。英美法中，出卖人对产品瑕疵承担不履行合同的责任，买受人可以寻求各种违约救济。我国《合同法》借鉴了英美法的经验，将

出卖人交付有瑕疵标的物的情况规定为不适当履行，并且为买受人提供了广泛的补救措施。6[6]《合同法》第155条规定：“出卖人交付的标的物不符合质量要求的，买受人可以依照本法第111条的规定要求承担违约责任”；第111条规定：“质量不符合约定的，应当按照当事人的约定承担违约责任。对违约责任没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，受损害方根据标的的性质以及损失的大小，可以合理选择要求对方承担修理、更换、重作、退货、减少价款或者报酬等违约责任”。第148条规定“因标的物的质量不符合质量要求,致使不能实现合同目的的,买受人可以拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同”。第97条规定,合同的解除不影响当事人要求赔偿的权利。因此，我国法律规定的产品质量瑕疵的违约救济手段包括：1、违约金；2、修理、更换、重作、退货、减少价款或报酬；3、解除合同；4、损害赔偿。

买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖【第五篇】

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实用买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖汇聚优质5篇

买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖【第一篇】

买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖【第二篇】

买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖【第三篇】

买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖【第四篇】

买卖合同纠纷买卖合同纠纷管辖【第五篇】

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