《陋室铭》教学设计方案【实用10篇】
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《陋室铭》教学设计方案【第三篇】
本设计根据《九年义务教育语文课程标准》的要求,针对铭文用韵和称扬道德的特点,通过诵读和韵译,使学生整体感知文本内容,感受铭文的音韵之美。教学中,注意扣住“德馨”,从描叙和议论两个角度,引导学生体味作者的情操之美,领略文章文法之妙。在此基础上,促成学生当堂背诵全文。
1.背诵名篇名句。
2.体悟作者安贫乐道,保持高尚节操的情怀。
3.培养学生运用托物言志等手法表达自我的能力。
诵读,讨论。
1课时
一﹑感受音韵之美
师:今天我们共同学习刘禹锡的《陋室铭》。“铭”者(板书:铭),记载也,在器物或碑石上刻字,表示永记不忘,后来逐渐发展成为一种文体。为了便于广泛传诵,牢记不忘,文字简约的铭文都非常讲究修辞,讲究押韵。本文虽然篇制短小,但运用对偶等修辞,句式整齐,节奏明快,同时通篇协韵(“青”韵通押到底),读起来朗朗上口,充满了音韵之美,乃韵文也(板书:韵)。
欣赏配乐朗诵《陋室铭》。
师:感受这篇铭文的音韵之美,一要把节奏韵律读好。
复习节奏的概念(句中根据音节或意义进行有规律的停顿叫做节奏)。指名根据刚才欣赏的配乐朗诵,朗读文中停顿需要注意的几个重点句子(投影:①苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。②可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形),要求正确停顿。
师生正读:
①苔痕/上阶/绿,草色/入帘/青。②可以/调素琴,阅金经。无/丝竹之乱耳,无/案牍之劳形。
生齐声诵读全文,体味明快的节奏韵律之美。
师:感受这篇铭文的音韵之美,二要把韵脚读好。
复习韵脚的概念(放在句尾的韵母相同或相近的字)。生标出韵脚。生齐声诵读全文,体味押韵的回环往复之美。
师:感受这篇铭文的音韵之美,三要韵译(针对这篇铭文作为韵文的特点,根据韵文韵译的原则),而不是一般的翻译。一般的翻译只注意求索原文的意蕴美,而韵译还注意不失原文的音韵美。这样翻译后,与原文保持一致的美。翻译时,尽量让上下句的字数相等,结构基本一致,同时注意押韵。
学生利用书下注释,结合自己的理解,老师点拨,韵译。
参考韵译:山不在于高,有仙人(居住)就能天下闻名;水不在于深,有龙(潜藏)则可降福显
《陋室铭》教学设计方案【第四篇】
1、掌握作者。
2、掌握本课实词重点语句。
3、能顺畅的翻译课文。
4、能用原文回答问题。
5、背诵课文。
同目标2、3、4。
一、以《酬乐天扬州席上出逢见赠》导入,学生介绍作者。
本文选自《全唐文》。作者刘禹锡(772—842),唐代诗人,哲学家。字梦得,洛阳人。曾中进士,官接监察御史。他热心赞助王叔文的政治革新,反对宦官和藩镇割据势力。政治革新失败后,被贬官降职多次。他与柳宗元交情深厚。有《刘宾客集》。这篇《陋室铭》是他贬为和州刺史时在任上写的。
二、出示学习目标
三、检查预习
1. 读准字音
2. 朗读课文,可采取多种方法朗读,如老师范读、听课文录音、学生个别读、集体朗读等。
3.
四、学生分小组进入网络完成学习任务。
1、请学生逐句翻译课文。掌握重点词语。
有仙则名:著名。 有龙则灵:灵异。
斯是陋室:这。 惟吾德馨:惟:只是,德馨:品德高尚。
苔痕上阶绿:长到。 草色入帘青:映入。
谈笑有鸿儒:博学的人。 往来无白丁:指没有什么学问的人。
无丝竹之乱耳:指琴瑟、管弦等乐器,这里借代奏乐的声音。
无案牍之劳形:案牍:官府的公文。劳形:使身体劳累。
何陋之有:是有何陋的倒装句,有什么简陋的呢?
2、提问:“山不在高,有仙则名。水不在深,有龙则灵。”运用什么修辞手法?在文中起什么作用?
运用比喻、对偶起兴,以虚衬实,以山水引出陋室。
3、提问:“斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。”这两句在文中起什么作用?深刻含义是什么?
“陋室”二字扣题。“德馨”二字统领全篇,是全文的核心。用“惟”字加强语气。这两句包含两层意思,一层是由于人的品德高尚,就忘却了室陋,另一层意思是由于人的品德高尚为陋室增光添采。
4、提问:“苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青”是写什么?
写陋室幽雅恬静的自然环境。
5、提问:“谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁”是写什么?
写陋室来往客人之高雅。可知堂中人也是一样的高雅。
6、提问:“可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形”这几句写什么?
写室中事。可见主人高雅脱俗的情致,怡然自得的神情。
7、提问:“南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。”这两句写什么?
运用类比,引古贤之名定证“陋室”,意在以古代名贤自比,表明自己也具有古代名贤的志趣和抱负。
8、提问:“孔子云:何陋之有?”是写什么?
语见《论语·子罕》:“子欲居九夷,或曰;‘陋,如之何?’子曰:‘君子居之,何陋之有?’”孔子认为,九夷虽然简陋,但是有君子住在那里,就不简陋了。此处引用孔子的话证“陋室”说明“有德者居之,则陋室不陋。”与前文“斯是陋室,惟吾德馨”遥相呼应。把个“陋”字彻底翻了过来,达到“不陋”的最完美的境界,这是全文的点睛之笔。突出表明了作者高洁傲岸的情操和安贫乐道的情趣。
四、完成课堂反馈
《陋室铭》教学设计方案篇9
1.知识与能力:
把握相关的文言字词,翻译并背诵课文,理解托物言志的写法。
2.过程与方法:
疏通文意以学生运用辅导资料自己把握课文与教师点拨相结合。
3.情感态度与价值观:
理解作者高洁傲岸的节操和安贫乐道的生活情趣。
重点:
掌握文中重点文言字词以及背诵课文。
难点:
领悟作者在文中流露出的
思想感情。
朗诵法、讲授法、自主合作与探究法。1.导入新课:
根据作者简介导入文章。
2.新课讲授:
诵读课文,分组对课文进行翻译,讲解课文。
3.巩固练习:
通过问题,巩固学生对这
篇课文的了解。
4.小结作业:
小结:阅读古人的作品,要择其善者而从制,其不善者而改之。因此,阅读古人的作品,要用现代人的眼光去看待古人,对古人的道德品质要批判的学习和接受,不断提高自身的修养。这是我们学习古人作品的最高境界。好的,今天的课程就告一段落。
《陋室铭》教学设计方案【第五篇】《陋室铭》这篇文章立意鲜明,是作者对自己志趣和节操的表白,谈到了知识分子处世立身的态度。所以,学习这篇托物言志的文章要能体会到作者高尚的精神境界,并潜移默化的受他的感染和熏陶。但是在汲取传统经验中有益的部分时,也应引导学生注意敢于创新,不墨守陈规。以课文为载体,培养学生文言文阅读的兴趣、习惯和掌握正确的阅读方法,这样学生能运用所学知识举一反三的正确朗读。
1、八年级的学生对于朗读已经并不陌生,也应该零零散散的会一些阅读的方法。然而系统的指导,特别是以文言文为例子的系统指导还不太有。正确的朗读是深入理解文章的基础;有感情的朗读是和作者产生共鸣的前提。所以,培养较高层次的朗读还是很有必要的。
2、现在的社会风气和我们学生生活的环境以及家长的观念,使得孩子们对于古人“安贫乐道”的节操和志趣缺少领悟。通过学习本文,学生会接受一次心灵的洗礼,在拜金主义、享乐主义的污浊世风中保持心灵的纯净。然而,学生所处的又是竞争激烈、经济高速发展的时代,这又需要引导学生古为今用的理解“安贫乐道”。
1、熟练地诵读课文,让学生在读中理解、读中感悟,提高朗读水平。
2、掌握本文出现的文言现象,了解文中作者运用的写作手法。
3、理解作者的思想感情,体会古人高尚的情操,领会“安贫乐道”的含义,并正确的看待“贫”、“富”和“道”的关系。
多媒体课件。创设情景,激发学生兴趣。
(一)导入
1、假设你的眼前有两座房子:一个是王公大厦,华丽无比,里面有绫罗绸缎的床铺,有山珍海味,就跟《红楼梦》里的大观园似的。另一个是茅屋草房,绿草茵茵,不过你可能得吃粗茶淡饭和布衣裳。你喜欢哪个?老师要听真心话啊。(找两名学生回答,只要是真心话即可)
再追加一个条件:如果你选择第一个,你可能被迫要说一些违心的话,甚至还要做你良心上不愿去做的事。但是如果你住第二个房子,则会有知音相伴,可以坚守真我,率性而为。那你又做何选择?(两生交流)
那我们学习以下《陋室铭》,看看刘禹锡住的什么样的房子,为什么他喜欢这间陋室。学完之后,你是否改变原先的选择?
2、文学常识
学生交流“铭”的文体和刘禹锡的简要资料。韵脚在朗读时注意清晰、响亮。
由《秋词》中“自古逢秋悲寂寥,我言秋日胜春朝”,别人悲秋,他却喜秋,他就是这么与众不同。世人都喜欢住大房子,他却独爱陋室。还写了这篇《陋室铭》。
(二)朗读
1、自由朗读一遍课文,准备展示。
2、一生展示,其他同学认真听读,准备做点评。
3、学生在互评的基础上,归纳朗读的方法。
(1)要读准字音,不要错读
(2)要分清句读(dou),不读破句
两个事例:苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。
无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳行。
理解“乱、劳”的用法,知道“丝竹、案牍”的意思,体会“之”的用法—————起舒缓语气的作用。
学生通过反复试读,根据句子的意思,根据语感就可正确断句,学生可以按照这种方法正确的读出其他句子的节奏。
(3)要读出语气(轻重缓急、抑扬顿挫、运用声音表情达意)
4、分层朗读,试图读出语气。
(1)山不在高,有仙则名。水不在深,有龙则灵。斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。
一生试读。其他同学做点评。轻重缓急、抑扬顿挫的把握。
引导学生找出三句该重读的句子,体会前两句的“铺陈”的作用。解决重点字词“名、灵、德馨”的意思,并注意这几个词语的重读。
师范读,学生都不由自主的自己朗读起来
若干生再读,有进步。
(2)苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形。
第一句,学生能把握句子的美感,并知道试着读出这种美,可借助想象,想象成你就在这种环境中。
第二句,学生能感觉出作者因交往之雅而产生的自豪感。生读出这种感情。
第四五句,读出生活的悠然自得之情。
学生在自己总结语气、语调特点的基础上能自主朗读。老师和学生一起读,应起一个垂范的作用。
小组内部交流朗读,声声互评。
展示小组成果,班级内部互相比较。
(3)南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。孔子云:何陋之有?
把握反问句的语气特点,理解引用孔子这句话的作用。了解“之”的作用。
学生通过自己的分析,都能把握如何读了。
注:为了保持诵读的连续性,必须采用“短兵相接”的方式,无论解词、串句、说大意、指示读法都只能用三言两语,点到即止,切忌繁琐、拖沓。
5、“忘我”的读
学习古人诵读诗文时的状态——陶醉。
学生可以采用各种姿势,只要是找一个最能投入的状态“忘我”地读。
自己试一试
展示
全班诵读
6、背诵
本文以双句为主,且绝大多数是对偶句便于背诵。
学生找找对偶句背诵一下。
全班背诵。
(三)理解文章内容,把握作者的思想感情。
问题:作者称他的居室为陋室,那么他认为这个房子“陋”还是“不陋”呢?
生齐答
问题:那你是如何看出来的?
明确:(1)主人“德馨”(2)环境优美、交往之雅、生活有情趣(3)以诸葛庐、子云亭类比,并引用“何陋之有”。板书
问题:作者为陋室写了1篇“铭”,仅仅是写它吗?有没有弦外之音?
理解托物言志的手法。
明确作者安贫乐道、洁身自好的高尚情操。
(四)深入探究
问题:你理解安贫乐道么?
明确:所谓安贫乐道,即安于贫穷的境遇,乐于奉行自己信仰的道德准则。
问题:你还知道历史上哪些人具有这种品质?现在还有这样得人么?
学生交流的基础上,教师有所准备。例如:孟子的“贫贱不能移”;陶渊明不为五斗米折腰;杜甫的“贫贱至极,笔耕不辍”;朱自清宁可饿死也不吃美国的救济粮……还有抛弃都市生活选择支教的年轻人,例如徐本禹,还有守着清贫在自己的岗位上默默奉贤得人
问题:古人把安贫乐道作为一种人生的最高境界,你怎样看待?在今天这个社会,“乐道”就要“安贫”吗?
学生讨论交流,各抒己见。
教师引导:“安贫乐道”的核心在于什么?是“安贫”还是“乐道”?
学生异口同声——乐道
生活中有没有“富而有道”的人吗?
学生交流
教师小结:你可以富有,也可以贫穷,但你一定得把“道”放在心中,只有这样,你才能活得敞亮,活出生活的味道,活得有志趣。
(五)作业
必做:默写课文,自己修改。用学过的朗读方法试读《爱莲说》
选做:用托物言志的手法写一段文字,用这个物来托你的志。
附板书:
教学反思:
我认为要上好一堂课,首先要有较好的整体思路,就是要解决学生“学什么”和“怎么学”的问题。在这一点上,本堂课作到了从学情出发,确定合理的教学目标。教学过程的设计体现学生的主动性,激发起了学生学习的兴趣。其次,营造和谐、融洽的气氛。本课中,我努力的拉近与学生的距离,在平等对话的基础上进行教学活动。再次,时刻关注学生。留心学生在课堂上的一点优点、一点缺点、一点思维的火花……运用教学机智使这些细节变成一个个闪光点。最后,在解决难点的时候注重“引而不发”适时的点拨,所以难点突破较自然。
《陋室铭》教学设计方案【第六篇】
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《陋室铭》教学设计方案【第九篇】
1.理解课文内容,积累文言字词,背诵本文
2.在反复诵读中领会它们丰富的内涵和精美的语言
3.体会本文托物言志的写法
1。疏通文意,分析文章内容
2。理解作者在文中所寄托的思想感情
背诵并默写课文
诵读法、讨论法、讲授法
(一)课堂导入(3分钟)
ppt展示图片金箍棒和羽毛扇,问同学们是否认识这两样东西,是否也想拥有它们。大家之所以喜欢金箍棒可能是因为孙悟空,也可能是因为它本身能够变化,具有魔力,那么,一把平凡的羽毛扇为何能够妇孺皆知,流传千古?原来是因为它的主人诸葛亮。这样说来,某样东西的价值似乎与使用它的主人有着密切的联系,今天我们要去看看一间简陋的小屋和它的主人之间,微妙的关系,一起学习《陋室铭》。导入课题,并图解“铭”这一文体。
(二)听读课文,整体感知(5分钟)
1。听示范朗读。要求一边听一边给拿不准的字注音,并且划分节奏
2。自由朗读。要求读准字音,注意停顿。
3。齐读。要求声音洪亮,整齐划一。
(三)分组合作,疏通文意
过渡:读完以后,你能不能告诉我,这“陋室”真的“陋”吗?如果不能,也没关系,可能对文章大意不太理解,因为这是篇文言文,它的意思和我们现在所使用的现代汉语有很大区别,所以,要想理解文章内容就让我们一起来疏通文意。
具体操作:本文共计九句话,全班12个小组,前9组,每小组翻译一句话,其余三组做评委。然后每组推选一位发言人分享成果。要求:先解释重点字词,再翻译整句话。
(四)抽丝剥茧,感悟情思
经过了疏通文意,大家已经了解了文章内容,那么现在能回答老师前面提出的那个问题吗?(ppt展示问题)作者笔下的这间“陋室”真的“陋”吗?请说说理由。(学生一边回答,老师一边板书)
1。“斯是陋室,惟吾德馨”作者既承认屋子简陋,又不觉得简陋,因为主人品德高尚。
2。“苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。”描写陋室环境清幽
3。“谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。”写主人交往之雅
4。“可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形。”写主人情趣高雅,生活悠闲,同时也看出作者较清贫,但作者却苦中作乐,体现出作者的安贫乐道。
5。“南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。孔子云:“何陋之有?””运用类比,引古贤之名,定证“陋室”,意在以古代名贤自比,表明自己亦有古代贤人的志趣和抱负。
(五)远观全文,探究写法
问:作者这篇文章的标题是在写物,可真实情况是写物还是写人呢?答:写人。
问:主要写人的什么?
答:品德高尚
问:那同学们,作者借陋室来表达自己的志向,这种写法叫什么?
答:托物言志
(ppt展示)托物——陋室
言志——表达了作者高洁傲岸的情操和安贫乐道的情趣
(六)回顾全文,归纳主旨
揭示主旨的句子:斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。
本文主旨:作者以“陋室”不陋,表达了自己高洁傲岸的节操和安平乐道的志趣。
(七)当堂背诵
比一比,看谁背得准又快
具体操作:以大组为单位,每人背一句,以“接龙”形式背诵,比比看哪一组最流畅、清楚、快速。
(八)拓展延伸
(ppt展示两组寝室图片,一组是巴蜀中学的,另一组是本校的。前后豪华与简陋相对比)
教师:虽然我们住得没有其他学校豪华舒适,但我却希望这简陋的屋子因为有了优秀的同学们而绽放无限光彩。老师期待有一天你们能成为柏家中学的骄傲。让我们深情齐读:“斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。”
(九)板书
陋斯是陋室
主人品德高尚
陋环境清幽安贫乐道
室不陋交往之雅
铭情趣之雅高洁傲岸
反问引用
托物言志
本堂课的最大优点在于朗读环节,每一次朗读都给出了明确的目标。其次是重点较突出——翻译课文。但是仍有许多不足之处,还需改进。首先,课堂整体气氛不活跃,尤其是在翻译环节的发言,形式过于单调,没有充分发动大部分同学积极思考,鼓励学生提出质疑,说出自己的想法;其次,在翻译过程中没有给予学生必要的方法指导,本课较简单,可以让学生只看原文自行翻译,有疑问时看课后注释,若不能及时解决,可提出来让同学们一起讨论,若还是没有结果,老师再进行点拨指导;再次,本课采取小组逐句翻译的形式,这不适用于简单的文言翻译,不妨大胆让学生自行翻译;最后,本堂课最大的弊病是教学时间掌握不当,内容不够精当,故导致教学任务没有按时完成。今后的教学任重而道远,希望能在各位前辈的指导下取得更大进步。
《陋室铭》教学设计方案【第十篇】
1.学习托物言志的写作技巧。
2.让学生了解押韵及其作用,朗读、背诵全文。
3.体会作者安贫乐道、淡泊名利的高尚品质。
1.疏通文言语句,分析文章内容。
2.朗读、背诵文言课文。
1.理解作者在文中所寄寓的思想感情。
2.学习托物言志的写法。
共1课时
(一)、导入:
同学们,这座破旧简陋的房子,虽然没有流光溢彩的屋檐,也没有金碧辉煌的陈设,更没有珠光宝气的点缀,但是它却成就了唐代诗人和哲学家刘禹锡的千古名篇《陋室铭》,正如清代书画家、文学家郑板桥所说:“花香不在多,室雅何须大”。今天就让我们一起走进他的陋室,共同感受作者超越世俗的志趣和情怀。出示课题
(二)、作者简介和写作背景
作者刘禹锡(772—842),唐代诗人,哲学家。字梦得,洛阳人。曾中进士,宫接监察御史。他热心赞助王叔文的政治革新,反对宦官和藩镇割据势力。政治革新失败后,被贬官降职多次。他与柳宗元交情深厚。有《刘宾客集》。这篇《陋室铭》是他贬为和州刺史时在任上写的。
作者刘禹锡,当时他被贬到和州做刺史时,按当时规定,他应住衙门里的三间的屋子。可是和州知县见他被贬而来,便多方刁难。半年之内让他搬家三次,住房一次比一次小,最后让他住进了一所非常简陋的小房子。他在愤激之中,一气呵成,写成了《陋室铭》,并请有名的书法家柳公权刻写在碑上,竖在门外,以明心志。
(三)、板题并解题:
陋室,意为简陋的房子。“铭”古代是刻在器物上用来警戒自己或称述功德的文字,后来成为一种文体,这种文体一般都是用韵的,又讲究句式整齐,常用排比、对偶句。作者给他的陋室作铭,是要借陋室表达一种不慕荣利、安贫乐道的情怀。
(四)、朗读并感知课文:
学生自读课文:熟悉生字读音,揣摩停顿、语速、语调,感知文章内容。
(五)、掌握重点词语和语句
1.山不在高,有仙则名。 则:就 [名]:出名。译:山不在于高,有仙人就出名了。
2、水不在深,有龙则灵。 [灵]:灵验,神奇。译:水不在于深,有了龙就灵验了。
3.斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。 [斯]:这。 是:判断词 [惟]:只。[馨]:散布得远的香气,这里指品德高尚。译:这是简陋的屋子,只是我的品德高尚也就不感到简陋了。 分析:以上几句以山水作类比,引出陋室。以不高、不深衬“陋”,以“仙”“龙”衬托“德”,以“名”“灵”衬托“馨”,暗示虽陋室而不陋。陋室因主人的“德馨”而“馨”,这是陋室生辉的光点所在。这就点明了短文的主旨。
4.苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。 [上]:长到。 入:映入译:苔藓痕迹碧绿,长到台阶上;草色青葱,映入竹帘里。 分析:这是一联工整的对句。这个对句描写陋室的自然环境优美,烘托陋室不陋。
5.谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。 [鸿儒]:大儒,博学的人。 [鸿]:大。 [白丁]:平民,这里指没有什么学问的人。译:到这里谈笑的都是渊博的大学者,交往的没有知识浅薄的人。 分析:这也是一联工整的对句,写室中往来人物不俗,衬托陋室不陋。
6.可以调素琴,阅金经。 [调]:弹奏。[素琴]:不加装饰的琴。[金经]:指佛经。译:可以弹奏不加装饰的古琴,阅读佛经。
7.无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形。[丝竹]:琴、瑟、箫、笛等乐器的总称。“丝”指弦乐器,“竹”指管乐器,这里指奏乐的声音。[案牍]:官府公文。[劳形]:使身体劳累。[劳]:使……劳累。[形]:身体。译:没有奏乐的声音扰乱双耳,也没有官府公文来使身体劳累。
分析:三是生活情趣高雅。“调素琴,阅金经”,从正面说,是写实,表现室主人的从容淡静;“无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形”,从反面写,是虚写,表现室主人对世俗生活的厌弃。
8、南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。孔子云:“何陋之有?”
云:说 [之]:宾语前置的标志,无实义。译:南阳有诸葛亮的草庐,西蜀有扬子云的亭子。孔子说:“有什么简陋的呢?” 分析:最后几句,总结全文。先以“诸葛庐”“子云亭”作类比,反映了作者以古代贤人自况的思想境界,暗示陋室不陋。然后又引用孔子的话“君子居之,何陋之有”画龙点睛,总结全文,与篇首的“惟吾德馨”遥相呼应,有力地表现了作者甘居陋室,不以为陋的高尚情操。
小结:这篇铭文通过赞扬简陋的居室,表达了作者不慕荣利、保持高尚节操的愿望和不求闻达、安贫乐道的生活情趣。
(六)、整体感知
1、这里诗人用有仙之山,有龙之水具体比什么?
“山不在高,有仙则名。水不在深,有龙则灵。运用比喻、对偶起兴,以虚衬实,以山水引出陋室。这里,用山、水来比“室”,用“不在高”“不在深”比“陋”,用“仙”“龙”来比“德”,用“名”和“灵”来比“馨”。
作者的目的是写陋室,却用山水作比喻,这种方法叫比兴。这种比兴的修辞,不仅构思新颖,文意通达,而且句句相连,使文意波澜起伏耐人寻味。既然山之名不在于高而在于仙,水之灵不在于深而在于龙,那么,室之陋与不陋,也就不在于它是否富丽堂皇,而在于主人之德是否高尚。看来“馨”字画龙点睛,统领全篇,是全文的文眼。
2、“斯是陋堂,惟吾德馨。”这两句在文中起什么作用?深刻含义是什么?
“陋室”二字扣题。“德馨”二字统领全篇,是全文的核心。用“惟”字加强语气。这两句包含两层意思,一层是由于人的品德高尚,就忘却了室陋,另一层意思是由于人的品德高尚为陋室增光添采。
3、陋室不陋具体表现在哪些方面呢?
a、“苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青”,写环境的清幽、雅致。——景。反映出室主人淡泊名利的志趣。这是写陋室的环境,用的是对偶、拟人的修辞方法。“上、入”采用拟人的方法,以动写静,采用拟人的手法,赋予苔藓、草色以人的灵性,“苔藓”也想从台阶爬到陋室,听听主人在说些什么;“草色”也想从窗户窥视主人在干些什么。这样把苔藓和青草写活了。既有精神又有韵味,我们已不觉陋室的环境凄凉、荒芜,而感觉春意正浓,生机盎然。用拟人的手法渲染了环境的幽雅,流露出了作者的喜悦之情。
b、“谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁”,写朋友的贤良儒雅,反映出室主人高洁傲岸的情怀。除了对偶,还有衬托。作者没写自己是什么人,而是写与他交往的朋友。俗话说,欲知其人应知其友,知其友者必知其人。因此我们便得知主人必是高雅之士。主人德才兼备,表明主人高雅脱俗的情怀。
c、“可以调素琴,阅金经,无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形”,写生活的高雅脱俗(陋室主人的情趣),反映出室主人不为琐事萦怀的心态。有正面描写即实写的句子,“可以调素琴,阅金经”;也有反面描写即虚写的句子,“无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形”。“可以调素琴”与“无丝竹之乱耳”对应,“阅金经”与“无案牍之劳形”相对应。这样正反对照,虚实相生,表明了作者恬淡闲适、安贫乐道的情趣。陋室之景宜人,陋室之人高雅,陋室之事有趣。看来,陋室其实不陋,这一切又是为了陪衬“惟吾德馨”,呼应开头。正因为主人道德高尚,名声远扬,陋室才见其不陋。
4、文章主旨至此已突出,意思似乎已写尽,为什么又写诸葛庐、子云亭呢?
运用类比,以“庐”、“亭”比“陋室”,以“诸葛、子云”自此,意在以古代名贤自比,表明自己也具有古代名贤的志趣和抱负。
▲历史上或现实生活中有哪些陋室不陋的例子?请举例。
床头屋漏,雨脚如麻的杜甫草堂。
5.提问:文章结尾引孔子的话“何陋之有”,有什么含义?
教师点拨:孔子这句话是个典故,孔子打算搬到九夷山去住,有人对他说:“那个地方十分简陋,你怎么能去住呢?”孔子回答说:“君子居之,何陋之有?”孔子的话很坦率,而刘禹锡只引后一句,那是因为前一句的意思已包含在文章中了,其意却正在前一句,言外之意、弦外之音。自己就是和孔子一类的君子,这样更突出了作者高洁伟岸、不随世俗的志趣和抱负。陋室不陋,关键在于“君子居之”“惟吾德馨”。文章结尾引经据典,力发千钧,把作者的思想推到了高峰。
6、赏析诵读——欣赏形式美
本文是1篇骈文。字数相同、意思相对的两个相接的句子,叫做骈句。骈句不仅讲究对偶,而且讲究声律。本文中的押韵就是讲究声律的表现之一。押韵指在句末或联句之末用韵母、声调相同的字。
文中名、灵、馨、青、丁、经、形、亭押韵。骈文押韵使人加深了印象;同时便于吟诵和记忆,有声调和节奏之美。
7、“托物言志”:
是指通过描写客观事物,寄托、传达作者的某种感情、抱负和志趣。即将个人之“志”依托在某个具体之“物”上。于是,这个“物”便具有了某种象征意义,成为作者的志趣、意愿或理想的寄托者。如“松、竹、梅”岁寒三友,常用于表示高洁的志向;“泥土”常用于抒发谦逊的情怀;“蜡烛”常用于颂扬无私奉献的精神。
(七)、总结:
这篇铭文通过赞美简陋的居室,表达了作者高洁傲岸的节操和安贫乐道的情怀
(八)、用课文原句回答问题
1、本文的主旨句是 斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。
2、表现陋室主人交往之雅的句子是: 谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。
3、文中描写陋室环境恬静、雅致,令人赏心悦目的语句是: 苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。
4、写生活情趣的句子是: 可以调素琴,阅金经。
5、用比喻赞美陋室的句子是 南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。
6、《陋室铭》一文作者认为陋室不陋的原因: 孔子云:“何陋之有?
(九)、对比阅读
[ 甲] 山不在高,有仙则名,水不在深,有龙则灵 斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青,谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。孔子云:“何陋之有?”(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)
[乙] 吾室之内,或栖于椟①,或陈于前,或枕于床,俯仰四顾无非书者。吾饮食起居,疾病呻吟,悲忧愤叹,未尝不与书俱。宾客不至,妻子不觌②,而风雨雷雹之变有不知也。间有意欲起,而乱书围之,如积槁枝,或至不得行,辄自笑曰:“此非吾所谓巢者邪!”乃引客就观之,客始不能入,既入又不能出,乃亦大笑曰:“信乎其似巢也!”(《陆游筑书巢》)注释:①椟:dú,木柜、木匣,这里指书橱②觌:dí,相见1.解释加横线的词语(2分) (1)有仙则名(出名(著名) ) (2)妻子不觌(妻子和儿女(子女) )2.翻译下面句子(4分)(1)孔子云:“何陋之有?” 孔子说:“有什么简陋的呢?” (2)辄自笑曰:“此非吾所谓巢者邪!”
(陆游)就自己笑自己(自我解嘲)说:“这不就是我所说的书窝吗!”
1、联想与想象是语文的翅膀,缺少联想与想象的语文课也就缺少了灵性。为此,在进行教学时,让学生展开想象的翅膀,以“透过文字,你看到了什么?听到了什么?闻到了什么?”的提问方式引导学生进行想象,使陋室之雅具体地表现出来,为突出陋室“何陋之有”张本。而以往教学此文时,为突出“陋室不陋”这一重点,一般设计的题目为“陋室环境如何?陋室主人交往情况怎样?陋室主人有怎样的兴趣爱好?”提问琐碎,学生也不明白回答这些问题的目的何在。而改动后有力地突出了重点,也解决了难点。
2、“语文的外延与生活的外延相等”,语文必须与现实社会紧密联系,方可体现语文教学的现实意义。因此,课上在分析完陋室主人安贫乐道、高洁傲岸的情操之后,我设计了一个小讨论:“今天的你如何看待这种不慕名利、安贫乐道的做法?”这个问题的设计应是学生最有话说的部分,但在教学过程中学生有些怯场,我也没有留下足够的时间,一起参与学生的讨论,导致学生没有充分讨论和大胆发言,这是我的失误。
3、培养学生主动质疑,大胆发问的习惯和能力。因此我设计了一个学生质疑发问的环节,鼓励学生从读书中发现问题,提高学生解决问题的能力。这个环节因为留的时间相对充足些,学生提出了一些很有价值的问题,如“为何以《陋室铭》为题?”“为何自比名人居室?”“篇末为何引用孔子的话作为结束语?”“为何自比‘南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭’?”“为何将平民比作白丁,是否歧视平民?”等等。学生在质疑的过程中,也在思考着如何解答这些问题,这个思维的过程本身就是教学的目的。
4、语文课上应有琅琅读书声,尤其是文言文。《陋室铭》是1篇文质兼美、脍炙人口的名篇。课堂上无论是范读、散读、齐读,乃至背诵,目的都是让学生从读中去悟作者的感情,品味文字的美感。