2023年只有河南导游词 河南导游词必考(通用5篇)
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只有河南导游词 河南导游词必考【第一篇】
游客们,你们好!我是__行社的导游小__我们现在位于洛阳市的龙门石窟,由我带领大家进入龙门石窟窟内,愉快的龙门石窟一日游开始了!
龙门石窟的发现年代、建造年代十分复杂。龙门石窟由成千上万个洞窟组成,有潜溪寺,有莲花洞,有药方洞,有古阳洞,还有香山寺、白园、万佛洞,数也数不清。
我们先来看看莲花洞,“莲花洞”这个名字也是有来头的。您看,窟顶雕刻着一朵硕大精美的高浮雕莲花,“莲花洞”这名字就是根据这朵莲花取的。莲花是佛教象征的名物,意思为:出污泥而不染。洞内有一佛二弟子二菩萨。您能看见,左侧弟子的头部没有了,是因为头部早年被盗,现在只能在法国吉美博物馆里见到了。大家看莲花洞南壁上方,有一个个小小的佛像,它是龙门石窟最小的佛像,仅有2厘米高,这些高不盈寸的小千佛栩栩如生,可以想到,当时的雕刻技艺是多么精湛啊!
看完莲花洞,我们又来到了药方洞。药方洞因窟门刻有诸多唐代药方得名。它始凿于北魏晚期,经东魏,北齐,到唐代仍有雕刻,药方洞的药方是中国最早的石刻药方。
龙门石窟现在已经遭到严重的破坏。除了极少数的佛像外,大多数佛像的头部均遭到破坏,难以其整体造型。但是剩下的部分足以说明艺术水平之高超、神态之曼妙,我希望大家好好保护这些文物。
龙门石窟还有个传说呢。相传远古时期,洛阳南面有一大片烟波浩淼的湖水,周围青山苍翠,芳草萋萋。人们在山上放牧,在湖里捕鱼。村里有个勤劳的孩子,天天到山上牧羊,常常听到从地下传来“开不开”的奇怪声音,回到家便把这件事告诉母亲,母亲想了想,告诉他,如果再听到这种声音就回答“开”!谁知一声未了,天崩地裂,龙门石窟顷刻从山中间裂开,湖水顷出,奔腾咆哮着绕过洛阳城,流向东海。水流之后,龙门石窟就出现了。
游客们,愉快的一天就这么快结束了,希望你们玩得开心哟!让我们下次再见!
游客朋友们,我们现在要参观的是洛阳龙门石窟,你知道它为什么叫“龙门”吗?这要从地形说起,这里的地形为三山夹一水,远远望去,犹如一道天然的门阙,所以古称“伊阙”。隋炀帝建都洛阳后,因为宫城门正对伊阙,古代帝王又都以真龙天子自居,因此,隋炀帝时改称“龙门”。
龙门石窟凿于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳前后(大约493年),经历了东魏、西魏、北齐、隋、唐和北宋等朝代,断续雕刻达400余件,现有窟龛2345个,碑刻题记2800块,佛塔80座,造像10万尊,内容除佛像外,涉及建筑、服饰、音乐、书法等,如同包罗万象的艺术博物馆,是全国重点文物保护单位、国家5a级景区,20_年被列入世界文化遗产名录。龙门石窟中雕刻最大、艺术最精,最具代表性的当属唐代开凿的奉先寺了。那么现在,我带领大家前往奉先寺参观。
大家抬头请看,几个台阶之上的正是著名的奉先寺,它是唐高宗所建,为政治需要,武则天曾捐2万贯脂粉钱。历时三年零九个月于675年竣工。寺内有一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天王、二力士及二供养人等一铺十一尊大像。造像布局匀称,俨然一个佛国朝廷,大家请看,这就是主佛“卢舍那”,它通高米,头高4米,耳长米,面相丰满圆润,方额广颐,美若弯月,双目俯视,炯炯有神,您看它略带微笑,仿佛给人已深深的同情和殷殷的关切。整尊造像,给人一种庄严肃穆之感,应是理想化的圣贤形象,我们来仔细端祥它,你有没有发现无论你站在他面前的那个位置,他都在注视着你呢?石刻的眼睛为什么这么传神?对了,这正是雕像的画龙点眼之处,卢舍那的双目,采用阴刻方法,把眼球雕洞浅凹进去,又保持瞳孔的突出,利用光线反差也就造就出了大佛睿智深邃的目光,配以少垂的佛首,使朝拜者的目光与大佛目光交汇时,畏而不惧,可亲可敬。
在卢舍那佛的左侧是弟子迦叶,一位饱经风霜的老僧形象;右侧阿难,他年轻睿智,整个一帅小伙子,旁边衣着华丽端庄矜持,二天王严肃威武硕壮有力,力士们坚毅勇猛,性格暴躁,以及那无所畏惧倾力承托的地鬼。无不形神兼备,惟妙惟俏,整个布局反映了唐代高超技艺,折射出当时佛教的繁荣和唐朝国力的强大。
出了奉先寺,我们再来参观北魏的代表作——莲花洞。因洞顶雕有一大浮雕莲花而得名。莲花是佛教象征的名物,意为出淤泥而不染,因此,佛教石窟窟顶多以莲花作装饰,但像莲花洞窟顶这样硕大精美的高浮雕可并不多见,洞内正壁为尊式造像。主佛释迦牟尼身穿袈裟,衣襟简洁明快,这是释迦牟尼的游说像,释迦牟尼外出讲经说法时就是这种形象。两侧弟子是浅浮雕,左侧迦叶深目高鼻手持锡杖,似一西域苦行僧形象,龙门石窟中最小的佛象2厘米高,这些高不盈寸的小千佛如此生动细致雕于莲花洞坚硬的石壁,实为龙门一绝!洞口北壁崖壁有“伊阙”二字,这是明代河南巡抚赵岩所题词,证明了“龙门”的原称。
好了,各位游客,由于时间关系,先讲到这里,请大家自由参观,谢谢!
朋友们,现在我们面前的这三座洞窟合成为宾三洞。它是北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后,统一规划、有计划开凿的,因并排布局而得名。“宾阳”来源于《尧典》中的“寅宾日出”意为迎接初升的太阳。可能有的朋友已经发现了,南北二洞和中间的主窟风格迥异,截然不同,这是怎么回事呢?原来呀,在开凿的过程中北魏宫廷突然发生了内乱,打断了宾阳洞的雕刻工作,所以,北魏皇室经营的大型洞窟——宾阳三洞,实际上只完成了一个中洞,而南北两洞则由以后的隋唐两朝完成。这三座洞窟开凿的时间最长,历时长达20_年还未完工,用工多达80多万。宾阳中洞是北魏宣武帝为其父母孝文帝及文昭皇太后祈福做功德而开凿。主尊为现在世佛释迦牟尼,在它左边是过去世燃灯佛,右边是未来世佛弥勒佛。其实在洞中有两幅壁画可谓精美绝伦,就是在洞口内壁两侧,原各有一副大型浮雕分别是《皇帝礼佛图》和《皇后礼佛图》,展现当时宫廷佛事活动的场面,可惜这两处浮雕在20世纪30年代被盗走,现分别藏美国纽约大都会博物馆和堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。大家请随我继续往前走,再登几十步台阶就到奉先寺了,举世闻名的卢舍那大佛就在寺中。奉先寺顾名思义,就是供奉祖先的意思,开凿于唐高宗咸亨三年,即公元672年,于675年完工,皇后武则天曾捐脂粉钱两万贯用来加速工程的完工。它是龙门石窟中雕刻最大、艺术最精、气势最磅礴、最具代表性的重要石窟。好了,各位游客,现在呈现在我们面前的这尊大佛就是卢舍那大佛了。“卢舍那“是梵文音译,即光明普照的意思。卢舍那大佛通高米,头高4米,耳长米。为什么不零不整偏偏是米呢?其中暗藏不少玄机:因为7是佛的数字,天的数字,佛语有曰:“救人一命胜造七级浮屠。”我们看,这米,包含了一个10,意十全十美,而14拆开正好是两个7,再加上第一个7,就有三个7了,拥有三个7的卢舍那大佛就是无限大、无限尊崇,功德圆满了!
有人把卢舍那大佛比作东方的“蒙娜莉萨”,说她是善良和美貌的化身。的确如此,不信,您看,她的嘴角微微上翘,目光下垂,略作俯视态,两道弯眉如钩似月,满脸的笑意,一派慈眉善目的神韵。每次看到卢舍那大佛的微笑,总会让人感到如沐春风,无论您从哪个角度看她,她的目光都会和您有所交流,仿佛智者的询问,长着的关切,母亲的慈爱!在这里,我们感受到了无限的情亲和慈爱,这种由天上到人间,由出世到入世,从虚幻到现实的转变,不正是中国儒家思想在雕塑艺术上的折射反映吗?这是艺术的觉醒,人性的觉醒,中国佛教艺术经历了漫长的岁月,在唐代终于完成了它的中国化进程,中国佛教艺术在洛阳龙门奉先寺也达到了一个光辉的顶点,所以,李泽厚先生才会说:卢舍那大佛是中国古代雕塑艺术的最高典范。在20_年申报世界文化遗产的时候,所有的评委都认为是咱们卢舍那大佛的微笑征服了全世界。另外大家看卢舍那两侧站立的二弟子,左为迦叶,严谨庄重,饱经风霜;右为阿难,聪明温顺,擅长记忆。他们的旁边分别站立的是菩萨、天王、力士以及供养天人,形象逼真,栩栩如生。整个奉先寺造像主次分明,比例浑然一体,既注重形式美,又注重准确表达思想内容。奉先寺以其流利的线条,高潮的技艺,玄秘的宗教幻化为一首壮丽的交响乐章,与自然混合,夺人心魄。好了,各位朋友,参观了这么雄伟的雕刻,是否也让你的心灵受之震撼了呢,那么请拿起您手中的相机,留下这份心情。景区的主要讲解到这里就结束了,接下来的时间留给大家自由活动,11点钟我们准时在这里集合。
只有河南导游词 河南导游词必考【第二篇】
the red stone canyon, which is a rare canyon sight in north china withwaterfalls, lakes, pools and gullies, is highly acclaimed by gardening expertsas a “natural gallery for mountain and river collections” because of its grandand exclusive landscapes. the most splendid waterfall in the canyon is thebailong waterfall, spanided into three falls, measuring 30 meters in height. itlooks as shiny as a huge silver dragon. a good place for waterfall watching isthe heilong (black dragon) cave, which is as long as 30 meters with absolutedarkness inside. standing in the cave, you can not only see the marvelous fallsdashing down into the deep pools but also the perilous high stiffs, narrowlyseparated from each other by fast-flowing gullies so that the sky is scarcelyvisible. the spring water flowing down the cliffs splashes into water drops thatdazzle in the sunlight like colorful diamonds, looking like a unique picturehanging on the wall. yuntai mountain is famous for its grotesque hill, whichextends as far as eyes can see. the main peak, cornel peak, is 1308m above thesea is said to be famous for a poem by a famous poet in the tangdynasty called wang wei, who worked out a popular poem when he climbed up themountain. the poem thinking of my brothers in mountain climbing day fullyconveys his emotion of missing friends. mounting to the mountain top and lookingfar into the distance, you can see the yellow river winding like a silver a bird view of the foot of the mountain, you can see chains of peaks likesea waves. the weather on the top is often unpredictable. all at once cloudsgather and wind blows,
with mist rising among the mountains. the mountains looming in the mist andclouds look so vague that you feel as if you were in a fairy world. also, it hadbeen the secluded place of seven bamboo forest sages of the wei and the jinperiod. medicine king, sun simiao, once collected chinese medicine here. manyhistorical stories are spreading in the area related to some fames once visitedhere. yuntai mountain is famous for its numerous rivers, lakes, pools andsprings. here we can see the highest waterfall in the country---- yuntaiskyscraper waterfall, which is 314 meters high like a huge pillar, reminds us ofa famous peom of libai“ the waters puring down from thousands above of themountain, like the silver river dropping down from top of the heaven”. it looksespecially magnificent, forming a unique spectacle along with other waterfalls,such as the tianmen waterfall, bailong waterfall, huanglong waterfall andy-shaped waterfall, dashing abruptly downward. well,next spot for us is theqinglong canyon here, renowned as “first canyon in central china”, attracts manypeople for ecological touring for its mild climate, rich water resources andvarious vegetations.
the garden of market in qingming festival now we’re leading our way to thecity of kaifeng. kaifengis one of the 8 major ancient capitals of china. thecity of kaifeng was already in existence before 700 during the period ofwarring states more than 2,000 years ago, king hui of the state of wei moved hiscapital to kaifeng, rebuilt the city and called it daliang. since then, kaifengwas the capital of several dynasties. as an ancient capital, kaifeng has a lotof historical relics and scenic spots. some of them have been preserved, such asthe iron pagoda, po pagoda, xiangguo monastery, dragon pavilion. they areprecious heritages of the chinese culture. the famous painting qingming scrollis believed by some to portray daily life in kaifeng. the painting, of whichseveral versions are extant, is attributed to the song dynasty artist zhangzeduan. have you ever dreamed of going back to northern song dynasty in chinaand enjoy the prosperity and culture of those years? if so, come to the gardenof market in qingming festivallocated in the old city of kaifeng in henanprovince. find yourself in the spectacular scenery there and you are sure torealize that dream. the garden of market in qingming festival located on thewestern bank of longting lake is a grand cultural garden. it covers an area of600 mu, and the construction area is more than 30,000 square meters .the builtarea consists of several architectural complexes which are re-creations based onthe famous twelfth century painting by zhang zeduan of 'the qingming festival bythe riverside'.
when you enter the garden of market in qingming festival, a statue which is16 meters tall comes into view. this figure is none other than the artist zhangzeduan, who holds his famous drawing of 'the qingming festival by theriverside'. this picture is a painted scroll which is 525 cm in length and in width depicting life along bian river during the qingming festival. thescenes in this painting are highly detailed and the spectacle is are large numbers of people and buildings. the people are shown in avariety of contemporary clothes that indicate their social standing andoccupations. the lively throng includes many animals and it is not difficult toimagine the sounds in the street scenes where the people are crowded and can almost hear someone’s bargaining with a shop owner while others arecheering entertainers. the picture is like a live symphony of life during thesong dynasty.
now we can find these scenic spots such as city gate tower, rainbow bridge,distinctive shops and others which are re-created in the park according to thescenes in the painting. the garden of market in qingming festival not onlyreappears the vast vigor of the millennium picture, but also makes the historyliving by flexible creative idea, makes tourists the sense of backward flowingtime by entering the park, just like passing through the space tunnel. anotherscenic spot called rainbow bridge is a well-known feature in the park. it is areplica of one of the ten ancient timber bridges. the bridge is 5 meters first bridge was built in 1050, and reconstructed in 1998. four 9 metershigh columns, two at either end of the bridge, replicate the poles that wereweather vanes at the time of the song dynasty. a white crane sits on a disk atthe top of each column and they turn to face into the wind, indicating itsdirection. as a scenic spot for folk-custom tours, chinese authorities have donea lot to preserve folk handcrafts and folk customs. you can see the process ofmaking handicrafts, such as bian embroidery, paintings for new years, enamelwares, tea ceremony, spinning and weaving, figures made from flour and sugar andfolk-custom performances, such as acrobatics, folk arts and performances ofbirds, fighting cocks and dogs. here, you are not only a visitor, but an example, you can act as mr. right in the competition for marrying mr. wang’sbeautiful daughter and have the opportunity to enjoy the traditional weddingfestivities. and you can be the scholar in the imperial examination tobring honor to your ancestors. there is a large amusement hall built in the songstyle, where many amusement activities are held, including swings, balance beamsand many other amusements. as an ecological scenic spot, this garden was builtand forested according to the market day during the qingming festival. the wholegarden combines natural beauty with historical flavor, thus forming a favorableplace to have a true rest and evoke your full energy both physically andspiritually.
yin ruins yin ruins is at xiaotun village of anyang city. in ancient times,xiaotun was called yin and it was the capital of the shang dynasty. so theperiod was also called yin shang. after the yin had been overthrown, the citydeclined and the remains of it was later called the yin ruins. since thefounding of new china, the yin ruins had been listed as the first group ofcultural relics under national protection. in order to preserve its culture, thegovernment built “garden of the yin ruins” on the site. today the garden isspanided into several sections with ancient objects on display. because of itsgreat value in not only the historical relics of chinese culture but also thehuman civilization of the whole world, yin xu topped the 100 greatestarcheological discoveries of china in the last century and it was listed in theworld cultural and natural heritage list of united nations educational,scientific and cultural organization (unesco). yin xu is revealing its beauty tothe world.
ok, everybody. soon we’ll get to the museum on yin ruins, the best museumfor the study of the yin shang culture. the yin ruins is famous for threethings, oracle inscriptions, the bronze wares and the ancient capital ofthe shang dynasty. as you know, china is one of the earliest countries todiscover characters. as early as 4,000 years ago, people used bones or tortoiseshells to record events of their social life. it is the earliest written form oflanguage in the world. today we call them the oracle bone inscriptions, whichwere first discovered in the yin ruins. well,let’s come to the main hall wherethe oracle inscriptions are exhibited. the oracle bone inscriptions were firstdiscovered during the years of emperor guangxu, in the qing dynasty. in 1899, inxiao tun village of anyang city, henan province, villagers found many tortoiseshells and bones carved with letters and symbols, which unveiled to the worldfrom yin xu, an ancient city with a long history and splendid morethan 16,000 pieces of bones and shells were found. but in the shang dynasty,they were used as spaninations, when people were very superstitious. theinscriptions cover a wide range of fields, such as sacrifice, wars, stateaffairs, weather, hunting, etc. today, they provide important information forthe study of the shang dynasty. and the study of the oracle bone inscriptionshas become a new subject and is getting more popular among people. since
then this place has become of great interest to worldwide archeologists,because those inscriptions have proved to be the earliest written characters ofhuman beings, the oracles. apart from the oracle bone inscriptions, bronze waresare another important part of the cultural relics discovered from the ruins,which show that the technology of bronze casting reached its peak in the shangdynasty. the bronze wares include vessels, weapons,chariots and so on. among allthe unearthed wares, simuwuquadripod unearthed in the mausoleum area of the yinruins, the largest and the most famous bronze sacrificial vessel in the world,is 875 kg in weight, 133 cm in height. standing on the open plaza in front ofthe great hall is an enlarged copy of the original one for the convenience oftouring and appreciation, with the original one cherished in the museum ofchinese history. with its unusual air of majesty, together with its elegance inappearance and intricately carved in patterns, it is considered a treasure inthe bronze culture of china as well as a glorious pearl shining on the peak ofthe world art. to cast such a significant vessel carrying such a great weight,advanced techniques and experiences in organization of laborers are many scholars have pointed out, this huge bronze quadripod reflects theadvanced slavery system of the shang dynasty and the unusual power of creationof the people. finally we come to the side of the imperial palaces and on the southwest of the foundation ruins c, fuhao tomb is one of the mostimportant archeology discoveries in the temple. it is also the only discoveredand well-reserved tomb of shang royal members since the science excavation ofyin ruins. now, let’s know something about the first woman general in was emperor wu ding’s wife,both intelligent and courageous. shehad bravely led the yin army fighting in many wars and made great contributionsto the protecting of the country. after her death, wu ding built a large tombnear the palace to honor her merits. buried together with her were many slavesand war prisoners as well assacrificial objects. the large numbers ofsacrificial objects are valuable cultural relics in the treasure house ofchinese art.
只有河南导游词 河南导游词必考【第三篇】
各位朋友,我们现在参观的是昭平湖风景名胜区。昭平湖风景名胜区位于河南省鲁山县城西部10公里处,是依托原昭平台水库开发建成的年轻的风景名胜区。昭平台水库1959年建成,控制流域1430平方公里,蓄水量亿立方米,是集防洪、灌溉、发电、养鱼、旅游为一体的一座大型人工湖。景区面积40平方公里,其中湖面面积38平方公里,这里自然景观秀美,人文内涵丰富,1995年8月,被批准为省级风景名胜区。凡到过这里的人都说:“庐山奇,峨嵋秀,昭平湖美景看不够”。
的确如此,昭平湖不但有雄浑苍郁之气概,而且兼南国水乡柔美之韵味,是不可多得的绝佳去处。随着水陆两条路线,我们可以逐一领略昭平湖每一个景点。
我们现在所处的地方叫杨家岭。据记载,公元918年,契丹族首领耶律阿保机屡犯中原,威胁北宋政权,为抵御外侮,北宋杨家的孟良、焦赞二位将领曾在此安营扎寨,操练人马,后人就把此山命名为杨家岭。山上现有的电视转播塔高130米,信号覆盖周围200多平方公里。
右面这座大大的圆柱形建筑物是昭平湖水电厂的调压塔,两旁亭亭玉立的翠柏掩映着道路向前延伸,颇有曲径通幽之感。王新宇同志纪念碑就坐落在此。当年修建水库时,王新宇同志任水文地质组组长。那年6月20日,沙河上游突降暴雨,洪水凶猛,王新宇同志为抢救国家财产不幸光荣牺牲,时年3l岁。
拦河大坝被誉为昭平湖的“佳境门”。大视的主坝、副坝总长7000余米,像一条巨龙横跨两山之间,大有“长龙卧波,未云何龙”的气韵。登监大坝,极目湖面,烟波浩渺,一碧万顷,视野尽头,山峦茸翠,苍郁窈冥。置身其中,恍若仙境。灵魂为之升华,五内为之一净,世俗的一切烦恼、焦虑会荡然无存。
坝北端那座山是招兵台山。相传东汉光武帝刘秀被王莽追杀,曾隐蔽此山,招兵买马。明末农民起义军首领李自成也曾在此招兵买马,“招兵台”便由此得名,后改名为“昭平台”,意为平安祥和之意。山坡平台上至今还遗留有当年招兵插旗的座孔。
现在我们看到的有2500平方米的阶梯、平台,是我们近年来开发建成的综合性娱乐广场。它依山傍水,采用本地优质石材构成主框架,顺地势自然伸至水面。广场周围是精品游乐项目:飞渡、垂钓园、人工浴场、碰乐车、儿童嬉水等,适应各个年龄层次游客娱乐,使您既能领略大自然古朴的风韵,又能享受现代文明热烈的情趣。
朋友们,前方那座好似漂浮在水面的小岛叫邱公城岛,它随着湖水的涨落时隐时现,是景区的海市届楼。它是鲁阳城遗址,叠压有仰韶、龙山两层文化遗物,是省级文保单位。讲到这里,我想问一下,在我们团队中有没有刘姓人士?如果有,我非常荣幸地告诉您,刘姓发源地就在此岛。别看现在此岛这么小,却是华夏刘姓始祖刘累的故邑。据史料记载:刘累是尧帝的裔孙,原为“祁”姓,出生时手纹有“刘累”字样,因此得名。小时曾从“豢龙氏”学习养龙,后来夏后孔甲得两条龙,便请刘累前来饲养,刘累养得很好,所以被封为“御龙氏”。后来有一条雌龙病死,刘累伯孔甲降罪逃到鲁山一带邱公城这个地方,隐姓改名。因此前在“邱”姓住地养龙,故改姓“邱”,后人称其为“邱公”。称刘累隐居的城池为“邱公城”,邱公即刘累。其子孙以“刘”为姓,是华夏最早的。邱公城岛曾有刘累墓、刘累亭。刘累仙逝迄今已4000年之久了。全国政协副主席周铁农,著名历史学家、北京师范大学教授何兹全等都为此挥笔题词。自建库以来,此岛时常随水位涨落时隐时现,给游客观光及刘姓人土拜祖带来很大不便和遗憾。在刘姓人士的迫切要求和协助下,于20_年2月将刘累墓迁至招兵台山,现名“刘累祠”。“刘累祠”已初具规模,欢迎刘姓人士--刘累后裔到此寻根祭祖。
现在我们泛舟湖面。这里水域广大,水色湛蓝。放眼湖面,白露横江,水色接天。
泛舟潮面,惟见上下天光,一碧万顷,沙鸥翔集,锦鳞游泳,加之画舫如织,桨声蔼乃,于是便构成了一曲情味别致的音乐和一副风格独特的画卷。遇上秋高气爽的傍晚,夕阳在天边燃起万道霞光,湖上金光灿灿,闪烁迷离,似看到一只晚归的鸟,迎着霞光匆匆飞来,此时,展现在您面前的是“落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色”的绝妙景致。
遇到开库捕鱼季节的晚上,湖面的景致,更是妙趣横生。整个昭平湖,清风微拂,水波不兴,灯光明灭,渔歌互答。若身处其境,把酒临风,您会宠辱皆忘,仙邪?人邪?您自己也恍然不能自辨。
现在我们登上的岛就是昭平湖湖心岛金山环岛,此岛海拔米,面积7700平方米,由观光区和服务区组成。现在我给大家介绍一位名列世界前10位的伟人,他主张“兼爱”、“非攻”、“节用”、“尚贤”,他是谁呢?这个人就是古代的墨子。我们现在看到的这座著经阁就是墨子著书立说的地方。据说墨子晚年,意欲著书立说,但却找不到一处清雅之地,后鲁阳公得知此事便在金山环岛上为墨子建造了著经阁。这里四季分明,环境清幽,绿水青山,互相映辉。墨子十分满意。就在这里用了8年时间完成了《墨子》一书。世道沧桑,他著书的楼阁虽早已消融于历史的尘烟之中,但他“兼爱”、“非攻”、“节用”、“尚贤”的思想却留传于世。为纪念这位伟人,当地群众于1994年集资重建了“墨子著经阁”。若墨公泉下有知,一定会欣慰的。
只有河南导游词 河南导游词必考【第四篇】
现在我们来到有千古名园美誉的禹王台风景区观光游览。
禹王台风景区位于开封市的东南隅,占地面积400亩,是一个古典园林式的公园,园林布局是以名胜古迹古吹台为主景,以五大植物园:樱花园、牡丹园、芳春园、石榴园、科普园为主体的文化休憩公园。我们现在所看到的就是开封著名的名胜古迹--古吹台,已经经历了2500多年的历史,被列为省级文物保护单位。为什么叫古吹台呢?春秋时期,晋国有一位双目失明的音乐家名叫师旷,他的音乐造诣很深,是晋平公驾下的一名乐师,他经常在这座高台上弹奏乐器,人们为了纪念师旷,就把这座高台叫古吹台。到了明代嘉靖二年(公元1523年)由于黄河泛滥成灾,人们饱经水患,谈水色变,为了纪念历史上治水有功的大禹,改古吹台为禹王台。
现在古吹台上所存的建筑是清代康熙七年(公元1668年)重建的,距今已有300多年的历史了,它的整座建筑,都具有典型的清代建筑风格。我们看到的这个四柱三门式的木牌坊是为了纪念春秋时期晋国盲人音乐家师旷而修建的,它初建于清代的乾隆二十七年,牌坊上“古吹台”三个大字是清代河南巡抚题写的。
现在请大家随我到古吹台上参观。首先我们看到的这座楼叫御书楼,是为了供奉康熙三十三年(公元1694年)康熙皇帝为大禹治水亲笔题写“功存河洛”匣额而建造并得名的,各位可以到御书楼上欣赏清代康熙、乾隆二帝的塑像和书法。第一组塑像是“康熙御书”,说的是康熙皇帝在古吹台上为大禹治水题写“功存河洛”匾额落款时的情景。在此康熙还题写了“嵩高峻极”、“灵渎安阑”、“昌明仁义”三个匾额分别赐于河南各地。第二组塑像是“乾隆吟诗”,说的是清乾隆皇帝在乾隆十五年(公元1750年)巡幸河南,来到开封古吹台时写下一首五言律诗的情景。在禹王台的后面,专门建有刻着这首言律诗的御碑亭。
御书楼下还保存着珍贵的康有为书法石刻。康有为是中国近代维新派领袖,又是保皇党首领,除了政治上的作为以外,其书法自成一体,还是一位著名的书法家。我们现在来看看他的书法杰作,这十块石刻是康有为在1923年应河南省督理张子衡的盛情邀请来到开封,在为他饯行的酒宴上即席挥笔,写下此诗以作留念的。我们现在欣赏的诗、书都是康有为的得意之作,也是碑刻中的珍品。
看过御书楼的碑刻,请大家到师旷祠参观。请看这个神态自若、跪坐抚琴的塑像,就是曾经在古吹台上弹奏乐器的晋国盲人音乐家师旷。师旷音乐技艺非常全面,能够弹奏各种乐器。《史记.乐书》中记载,师旷给晋平公弹琴,引来玄鹤起舞,天地动容,《淮南子.原道篇》中记载“师旷之聪,合八方之调”,说他有辨别八方风乐调的才能。他还是一个出色的作曲家,据说古曲极品《阳春白雪》东曲就是师旷所作而留传下来的。春秋时期,开封是魏国南部边境的一个小镇,当时叫仪邑,仪邑的百姓们为了纪念师旷,就把他经常弹奏曲子的地方叫“吹台”,年深日久,吹台已成为远古之事,人们就把这座台子叫作“古吹台”。
离开了师旷祠,我们进入禹王台的主殿--禹王庙。禹王庙是为了纪念古代治水有功的大禹而修建的,它初建于明代嘉靖二年(公元1523年)。东展室是大禹治水三过家门而不入的塑像,西展室是大禹治水成功后亲笔书写的文字--夏禹碑以及夏禹碑的译文和阿拉文库。中间的这座禹王殿是古吹台之上的主体建筑,里面所立大禹塑像原来是一座八尺高铜像,铜像在1927年被毁,现在的这个塑像是1981年7月浙江美术学院的艺术家按照大禹陵的塑像原样制作的,像高5米。殿内东西两侧是大幅仿汉代的砖雕壁画,内容是大禹治水图和治水完工以后的庆功图。殿内后墙壁上四块石刻为大禹碑原碑,是清光绪二十三年(公元1897年)河南巡抚刘树棠刻制的,其碑文主要内容是歌颂大禹治水的丰功伟绩。
大殿西侧院是水德祠。水德祠始建于明代正德年间(公元1506年),奉祀自战国时期至清代的38位治水有功者,各立牌位。改建后的水德祠内新增雕塑三尊,中间的这也是战国时期魏国人史起,东边的这位是元代人贾鲁,西边的这位是清代民族英雄林则徐。水德祠中所奉把的38位治水有功者,大多数都是我国历史上的水利学家,都是曾经对治理水患做过贡献的人。东西两侧排放着38位治水有功者的牌位,其中包括战国时期两位、汉代七位、明代七位、清代七位。水德祠充分反映了饱经水患的开封人对治水有功者的颂祷和怀念。
大殿东侧院是三贤祠。三贤祠建于明代(公元1517年);是明代河南巡抚毛伯有感于唐代大诗人李白、杜甫、高适曾同登吹台饮酒赋诗而特意建造的。主殿有“三贤相聚”塑像,反映的是三位诗人相聚在古吹台上的情景。唐天宝三年(公元774年),在京名噪一时的李白因赋“可怜飞燕倚新妆”之句而得罪了杨贵纪,被解除了翰林职位。他东下洛阳,结交了杜甫。两位大诗人神交已久,相见恨晚,便相偕沿着黄河漫游,饱览锦绣山川。初夏时,他们来到开封,在开封又遇到了怀才不遇、浪迹天涯的诗人高适,文坛三杰,风云际会。这两组塑像反映的是三位诗人来古吹台上饮酒赋诗的情景。李白在古吹台上写了《梁园吟》,杜甫写下了《遗怀》,高适写下了《古大梁行》。接下来是“千金买壁”和“十载客梁园”两组塑像。
只有河南导游词 河南导游词必考【第五篇】
游客朋友大家好欢迎来到开封府,开封府又称南衙。初建于五代梁开平元年(920__年)四月,历五代梁、晋、汉、周以及宋、金、元、明、清各朝,至今已有千余年历史。虽然楼宇时废时兴,属县时多时少、辖区时大时小、品级时高时低,这里一直是负责管理开封城区及周边各县行政、司法等事物的官署。特别是在北宋时期(公元960—公元1120__年),伴随着宋王朝封建政治、经济、文化的飞跃发展,开封府作为位居首都的“天下首府”,曾有过160余年的辉煌。
宋太宗、宋真宗、宋钦宗等三位皇帝都曾潜龙在此,先后有寇准、包拯、欧阳修、范仲淹、苏轼、司马光等一大批杰出的政治家、文学家、思想家、军事家在此任职。
现在您所看到的开封府,是以宋代开封府衙为原型修建的文化游览区,占地四公顷,楼堂五十余。其中有以戒石、大堂为主体的官衙文化区、有以梅花堂为主体的包公传说文化区、有以府司西狱为主体的刑狱文化区、有以明礼院为主体的科举文化区还有号称天下独一无二的文城墙景区和以潜龙宫为主体的帝王生活文化区,在挺拔的清心楼上,您还能指点评说当年200余位北宋开封府知府、府尹的雄才大略和历史功过。
各位朋友,我们现在看到的就是开封府的文城墙了,说道城墙大家就会想到它的为了防御敌人攻击而修筑的,因而它应该是以武备、军事为特色,可是宋代开封府衙的城墙,却是叫做“文城墙”,这是因为北宋时,宋王朝极力推行“重文抑武”政策,努力强化中央集权,严禁地方官府修筑城墙,以免地方政权恃武抗上。什么叫做“重文抑武”政策呢?就是尽量重用文人,严密控制、限制武人的意思。跨过府门,我们就来到了大厅。俗称“厅事”,这里是北宋开封府衙的核心,也是历任各级开封府官吏的主要场所。北宋开封府机构庞大,官员众多。府尹一人总领府事,掌管京师的民政、司法、捕捉盗贼、赋役、户口等政务。
在大堂的后面就是议事厅,是本府官员议事的场所,原名都厅。现在我们看到的这组雕塑是“商议宽简治京师”场面。条案正中端坐的是欧阳修,欧阳修接任包拯之后任开封府长官,以宽简治京师,与包拯治理京师的方法大不相同。
从大堂出来我们看到的这座典雅的建筑是齐民堂。据文献记载,齐民,就是平民的意思。北宋开封府齐民堂,取“以民为本”之意。穿过齐民堂,我们来到了这座腊梅飘香的四合小院。正厅的建筑为梅花堂,说起梅花堂,还有一段典故!包拯一生为官清廉,执法严明,但却与“开后门”有着不解之缘。
相传,包拯在实行废“牌司”、开正门改革之后京城百姓纷纷拍手称快,告状的人越来越多,每天上班处理不完诉讼案件,包拯于是下令,打开府衙的后门,允许百姓任何时间,都可以直入府内诉说冤情。而我们面前的梅花堂相传就是包拯当年打开的后门,便服问案的地方了!
宋代实行“重文轻武”政策,教育和科举管理,是开封府的一项重要职责。为了便于处理京城学子的教育、科举、集会、庆典等事务,根据“礼义明则家国兴”的传统理论,专门在开封府内建立了明礼院,作为举子进行科举解试和临时性讲学、集会的场所。
我们进入明礼院首先会看到一座拱奎楼,它的上层供奉的是主管科举考试的天神“魁星”,而且这个四合院其它建筑都比“拱奎楼”要低,显出众星拱月之势,那麽咱各位再来看说明牌:状元及第,金榜夺魁,是宋朝人的美好愿望,因而开封府特别把这座用于解试的考场称为拱奎楼。拱奎楼一层大厅,是北宋科举时的解试考场,现在已经无法重现原貌了。不过,四周墙上的壁画,倒是很详细地描绘了宋代科举的全过程。咱各位朋友家里如果有正在求学的人,您可以代他拜拜魁星,会给他带来好运的。相当年,北宋的开封府,因为有这个魁星保佑,曾经出过二十多名状元呢!
接下来各位朋友请到桂籍堂参观:这里相当于开封府的“科举档案馆”,桂籍堂一层正堂北面靠墙塑的是孔子立像,左右配的分别是孟子、子思、颜子、曾子,合称四配。北墙绘的是孔子的72位著名弟子,号称七十二贤,这些都是历代儒士们学习的楷模。这是根据传世的吴道子绘七十二贤人图绘制的。儒学要求读书人至少要掌握“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”六艺。北宋时,开封府专设了这个六艺斋。屋内陈列着编钟、拊鼓、竽等十余种乐器。各位朋友下面咱们去参观开封府内最高的一座建筑—清心楼,这是一座外四内七的建筑层。里边一楼大厅供奉的是一尊包大人的铜站像,他是国内最高最大的铜站像了,他重5。8吨。东墙上刻着一首五言铭志诗:清心为治本,直道是身谋,秀干终成栋,精钢不做钩,仓充鼠雀喜,草尽兔狐愁,史册有遗训,无贻来者羞!这首诗表明了包公的愿望和理想,包拯在做开封府长官时也确实是按照这首诗来做的,所以被百姓称为包青天。好了各位朋友接下来有兴趣的话可以到楼上参观一下,上面有历代开封府长官的简介和北宋的服装。
在开封府的西北角有一个道观。请大家首先来看一下这个宏大的“五岳真形图”。这是根据中华五岳的山脉纵横、高低盘曲、云林流水之像绘制而成的,是道观中必备的经典图案。现在我们进入天庆观去了解道教的三清尊神,首先映入我们眼帘的是太极八卦台,它几乎占满整个庭院。太极八卦是道教表现宇宙、哲学、社会思想的经典图案,具有非常丰富的文化内涵。本台中间为代表演化不止的混远太极(时间和两仪),其次是代表空间四象,外围是代表世界万物的八卦,构成了一副宇宙图景。道士们认为在图上连内丹之功,能迅速使自己融入宇宙浩气之中,达到天人合一、超凡脱俗的境界。咱们再看道教宫观的主体建筑—三清殿,里边供奉的是三清尊神:中间这位是元始天尊,左手虚拈,右手虚捧。象征着“无极”,即天地未形、万象未生时。他左边的灵宝天尊,双手斜捧一个阴阳鱼圆镜。象征从无极中刚衍生出“太极”。右边的道德天尊,双手执一把绘有变型阴阳鱼图案和八卦纹饰的宫扇。象征着太极化生世界万物万灵。
现在我们要游览的是北宋开封府的英武楼游艺文化区。当年,这里是一个小校场,也是宋朝科举武举考试的考场。这里从南到北,分布着马厩、英武楼、军械库、习射场、府酒坊、府醋坊、演武场、东长廊、北照壁等景物,都是值得观赏的。
最后我们要游览北宋开封府的一个非常特别的文化区,府司西狱文化区。北宋开封府掌管京城及属县的治安司法狱讼事务,同时还经常受理涉及官员的各种案件,因而开封府设有五所牢狱,以关押犯人和证人,其中一所设在开封府衙署内西南角,由司录司直接管理,俗称”府司西狱”。当时这里叫牢狱而不是叫监狱,只是临时关押犯罪嫌疑人人和证人以便提审的地方,相当于现在的拘留所,嫌犯在这里关押最长时间不能超过40天。宋代牢狱中都设有狱神庙,供奉狱神皋陶。按照一般人想象,狱神嘛,是管理恶人的,应该是面目威严,有很强的威慑力,可是中国古代的狱神却是和蔼可亲的形象,别看他和和善善,可传说他是古代具有神力的刑狱官,执法最公正,能明辨是非,扬善惩恶。刚才在大门外面看过照壁上有个獬豸图,獬豸是皋陶用来判定有罪无罪的神兽。不用皋陶说话,只要见到有错有罪的人,獬豸就会用独角抵过去,从来不会冤枉好人,也不会放过一个坏人。大约是从明朝开始,皋陶就从这个岗位上退休了,之后就变成萧何了。好了咱各位朋友,开封府已经讲解完,祝愿大家玩得开心愉快!