初中英语阅读短文优推5篇
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初中英语阅读短文【第一篇】
It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. This is only true if you pursue it unwisely. Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money, and most of them lose it instead, but there are other ways of pursuing money, which often succeed.
So it is with happiness. If you pursue it by means of drink, you are forgetting the hang-over. Epicurus pursued it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry bread, supplemented by a little cheese on feast days.
His method proved successful in his case, but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more vigorous. For most people, the pursuit of happiness, unless supplemented in various ways, is too abstract and theoretical to be adequate as a personal rule of life. But I think that whatever personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be incompatible with happiness.
There are a great many people who have all the material conditions of happiness, health and a sufficient income, and who, nevertheless, are profoundly unhappy. In such cases it would seem as if the fault must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong.
We imagine ourselves more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on impulse, and are happy as long as external conditions are favorable. If you have a cat it will enjoy life if it has food and warmth and opportunities for an occasional night on the tiles. Your needs are more complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too apt to be forgotten.
People propose to themselves some one paramount objective, and restrain all impulses that do not minister to it. A businessman may be so anxious to grow rich that to this end he sacrifices health and private affections. When at last he has become rich, no pleasure remains to him except harrying other people by exhortations to imitate his noble example.
Many rich ladies, although nature has not endowed them with any spontaneous pleasure in literature or art, decide to be thought cultured, and spend boring hours learning the right thing to say about fashionable new books that are written to give delight, not to afford opportunities for dusty snobbism.
If you look around at the men and women whom you can call happy, you will see that they all have certain things in common. The most important of these things is an activity which at most gradually builds up something that you are glad to see coming into existence.
Women who take an instinctive pleasure in their children can get this kind of satisfaction out of bringing up a family. Artists and authors and men of science get happiness in this way if their own work seems good to them.
But there are many humbler forms of the same kind of pleasure. Many men who spend their working life in the city devote their weekends to voluntary and unremunerated toil in their gardens, and when the spring comes, they experience all the joys of having created beauty.
The whole subject of happiness has, in my opinion, been treated too solemnly. It had been thought that man cannot be happy without a theory of life or a religion. Perhaps those who have been rendered unhappy by a bad theory may need a better theory to help them to recovery, just as you may need a tonic when you have been ill. But when things are normal a man should be healthy without a tonic and happy without a theory.
It is the simple things that really matter. If a man delights in his wife and children, has success in work, and finds pleasure in the alternation of day and night, spring and autumn, he will be happy whatever his philosophy may be. If, on the other hand, he finds his wife fateful, his childrens noise unendurable, and the office a nightmare; if in the daytime he longs for night, and at night sighs for the light of day, then what he needs is not a new philosophy but a new regimen----a different diet, or more exercise, or what not.
Man is an animal, and his happiness depends on his physiology more than he likes to think. This is a humble conclusion, but I cannot make myself disbelieve it. Unhappy businessmen, I am convinced, would increase their happiness more by walking six miles every day than by any conceivable change of philosophy.
道德家们常说：幸福靠追求是得不到的。只有用不明智的方式去追求才是这样。蒙特卡洛城的赌徒们追求金钱，但多数人却把钱输掉了，而另外一些追求金钱的办法却常常成功。追求幸福也是一样。如果你通过畅饮来追求幸福，那你就忘记了酒醉后的不适。埃毕丘鲁斯追求幸福的办法是只和志趣相投的人一起生活，只吃不涂黄油的面包，节日才加一点奶酪。他的办法对他来说是成功的，但他是个体弱多病的人，而多数人需要的是精力充沛。就多数人来说，除非你有别的补充办法，这样追求快乐就过于抽象和脱离实际，不宜作为个人的生活准则。不过，我觉得无论你选择什么样的生活准则，除了那些罕见的和英雄人物的例子外，都应该是和幸福相容的。
很多人拥有获得幸福的全部物质条件，即健康的身体和丰足的收入，可是他们非常不快乐。就这种情况来说，似乎问题处在生活理论的错误上。从某种意义上讲，我们可以说任何关于生活的理论都是不正确的。我们和动物的区别并没有我们想象的那么大。动物是凭冲动生活的，只要客观条件有利，它们就会快乐。如果你有一只猫，它只要有东西吃，感到暖和，偶尔晚上得到机会去寻欢，它就会很快活。你的需要比你的`猫要复杂一些，但还是以本能为基础的。在文明社会中，特别是在讲英语的社会中，这一点很容易被忘却。人们给自己定下一个最高的目标，对一切不利于实现这一目标的冲动都加以克制。生意人可能因为切望发财以致不惜牺牲健康和爱情。等他终于发了财，他除了苦苦劝人效法他的好榜样而搅得别人心烦外，并没有得到快乐。很多有钱的贵妇人，尽管自然并未赋予她们任何欣赏文学或艺术的兴趣，却决意要使别人认为她们是有教养的，于是他们花费很多烦人的时间学习怎样谈论那些流行的新书。这些书写出来是要给人以乐趣的，而不是要给人以附庸风雅的机会的。
只要你观察一下周围那些你可称之为幸福的男男女女，就会看出他们都有某些共同之处。在这些共同之处中有一点是最重要的：那就是活动本身，它在大多数情况下本身就很有趣，而且可逐渐的使你的愿望得以实现。生性喜爱孩子的妇女，能够从抚养子女中得到这种满足。艺术家、作家和科学家如果对自己的工作感到满意，也能以同样的方式得到快乐。不过，还有很多是较低层次的快乐。许多在城里工作的人到了周末自愿地在自家的庭院里做无偿的劳动，春天来时，他们就可尽情享受自己创造的美景带来的快乐。
在我看来，整个关于快乐的话题一向都被太严肃的对待过了。过去一直有这样的看法：如果没有一种生活的理论或者宗教信仰，人是不可能幸福的。也许那些由于理论不好才导致不快乐的人需要一种较好的理论帮助他们重新快活起来，就像你生过病需要吃补药一样。但是，正常情况下，一个人不吃补药也应当是健康的；没有理论也应当是幸福的。真正有关系的是一些简单的事情。如果一个男人喜爱他的妻子儿女，事业有成，而且无论白天黑夜，春去秋来，总是感到高兴，那么不管他的理论如何，都会是快乐的。反之，如果他讨厌自己的妻子，受不了孩子们的吵闹，而且害怕上班；如果他白天盼望夜晚，而到了晚上又巴望着天明，那么，他所需要的就不是一种新的理论，而是一种新的生活——改变饮食习惯，多锻炼身体等等。
人是动物，他的幸福更多的时候取决于其生理状况而非思想状况。这是一个很庸俗的结论，然而我无法使自己怀疑它。我确信，不幸福的商人与其找到新的理论来使自己幸福，还不如每天步行六英里更见效。
中考英语阅读理解及解析【第二篇】
Jupiter’s Moons and How They Travel
The many moons of Jupiter travel around the planet in differe nt directions (方向).
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. Over the years, scientists have found that Jupiter has its own small solar system. Ea rth has one moon. Jupiter has at least sixte en and probably more.
Since there are so many moons, scientists began to number them. The numerals(numbers)tell the sequence, or order, in which the moons were found. They were slower to name the moons. All of Jupiter’s moons now have a name as well as a number.
The first five moons to be discovered are known as the “inner moons”。 But they are not the closest to the planet. The closest is only 127,600 kilometers away from Jupiter. All the inner moons circle the planet in counter-clockwise direction, that is, opposite of the hands of a clock.
Jupiter’s middle group of moons are at least 11,100,000 kilometers from the planet. They also move in a counter-clockwise motion (moving). The four farthest moons are at least 20,700,000 kilometers away. These are called “outer moons”。 They circle in a clockwise motion.
How many more moons do you think will be discovered?
does “solar system” in this article mean?______
A. 银河系 B. 宇宙空间 C. 流星雨 D. 太阳系
that travel in the same direction as the hands of a clock are said to be traveling in a______.
A. clockwise direction
B. counter-clockwise direction
C. same direction
D. different direction
’s _____group of moons travel in a clockwise direction.
A. planets B. inner C. middle D. outer
numbers given to Jupiter’s moons tell ______.
A. the order in which they were discovered
B. the order in which they travel
C. the order of their distance from Jupiter
D. the order of names
to the passage，wh ich of the following statements is true?
A. None of Jupiter’s moons have names.
B. Most of Jupiter’s moons circle clockwise.
C. Jupiter’s inner moons were discovered first.
D. Jupiter is the nearest planet to the earth.
far away are the middle group of moons from Jupiter?
A. It’s not mentioned.
B. 11,100,000 kilometers away.
C. 127,600 kilometers away.
D. 20,700,000 kilometers away.
答案与解析
1. 选D。文中介绍Jupiter(木星)是最大的行星，地球只有一个月亮，而木星至少有16个，甚至更多。由此可见，solar system即为太阳系，木星同地球一样都是太阳系中的行星。
2. 选A。“clockwise direction”指“顺时针方向”。文中对“counter-clockwise direction”的解释是“opposite of the hands of a clock”，即“逆时针方向”。
3. 选D。最远的四个月亮称为“outer moons”，它们以顺时针方向转。
4. 选A。由文中“The numerals(numbers)tell the sequence, or order, in which the moons were found.”这句话可知。
5. 选C。统观全文，可知选项A、B不符合文意，根据常识判断，选项D也不正确。再由环绕木星旋转的月亮团以依次发现的时间为序，由此推理可得出“the inner moons were discovered first”。
6. 选B。在文中可找到“Jupiter’s middle group of moons are at least 11,100,000 kilometers from the planet.”。根据这一句话的意思，便可得知此题答案为B。
初中英语阅读短文【第三篇】
An old friend used to say to me, "When you are thinking of buying a new house, go and see it on a cloudy day. If you like it then, you need not doubt about liking it in better weather."
一个老朋友曾经告诉我："当你考虑买一套新房时，就趁阴天的时候过去看房吧。因为如果那时你喜欢它的话，那么在天气晴朗的日子里你一定也会喜欢它。
We all enjoy the sun. The sun is the source of heat and life to the earth. Yet people are still to be found who deliberately shut out the sun from their rooms, and are unmindful of the Italian saying that where the sun does not go the doctor does. In this country, especially, we know the value of "facing south".
"我们都喜欢阳光。太阳是地球上热量与生命的来源。然而，我们仍然发现有些人总是故意关上门，将阳光挡在门外，他们忽略了一句意大利谚语"日光不上门，医生便上门"。在这个国家里，我们都知道"面朝南方"的重要性。
Are we not like houses? We have eyes instead of windows, but we face south, north, east, or west. Who does not know the men and the women facing north? Hard and cold, never letting a ray of sun-shine into their souls. They stand away from all the cheers and warmth of our poor humanity. They are the people who pour cold water on all our enthusiasms, have no faith in human nature, no sympathy with human sufferings.
我们不就像是房子吗？只不过我们没有窗户，但是我们拥有眼睛，我们可以选择面朝各个方向。我们都知道那些面朝北方的人们是怎样的`。他们顽固而冷酷，从不让一丝阳光照进他们的心灵。他们总是躲在角落里，拒绝人性的欢乐与温暖。他们总是浇灭旁人热情的火焰，不相信人性，冷眼看待他人的痛苦。
You must know such people. They are not rich people, perfectly healthy, or people without sorrows. On the contrary, they have had a full measure of misfortune. But they have never changed their outlooks4 on life, in their faith in all things working together for good, in their belief that they are in this world to help where help is needed. What a consolation5 such people are! We go to them in entire confidence. We leave them the better and the brighter, with a firmer step, and the determination to win through the difficulties. They are "facing south".
你必定也认识这样一种人：他们不是有钱人，不是身体特别健全的人，也不是无忧无虑的人。相反，他们的生活中充满了不幸。但他们从不改变对生活的态度，在他们看来，所有的事情都在朝着好的方向发展，他们坚持帮助那些需要帮助的人。他们能给人带来极大的安慰！我们满怀信心地靠近他们，离开他们的时候变得更加乐观和开朗，我们的脚步会变得更为坚定，战胜困难的决心也会更大。他们就是"面朝南方"的人。
初中英语阅读短文【第四篇】
Finding enough meat was a problem for primitive man．Keeping it for times when it was scarce was just as hard．Three ways were found to keep meat from spoiling：salting，drying，and freezing．
People near salty waters salted their meat．At first they probably rubbed dry salt on it，but this preserved only the outside．Later they may have pickled their meat by soaking it in salt water．
In hot，dry lands，men found that they could eat meat that had dried while it was still on the bones．They later learned to cut meat into thin strips and hang it up to dry in the hot air．
Men in cold climates found that frozen meat did not spoil．They could leave their meat outside and eat it when they pleased．
对原始人类来说，获得充足的肉是件难事，而把肉类储存到缺肉的`时令也同样不容易。人们找到了防止肉类变腐的三种办法：盐腌、风干和冷冻。
靠近咸水地带的居民用盐腌肉。起先，他们可能是把干盐擦在肉上，但这只能使肉的外部不腐。后来，他们也许就改用咸水浸泡的办法来腌肉了。
在炎热、干燥的地方，人们发现他们可以食用已经变干、但仍连在骨骼上的肉。后来，他们学会把肉切成薄条，悬挂起来，让它在炎热的空气中变干。
生活在寒冷气候下的人们则发现冻肉不腐。他们可以把肉置于室外，高兴时随时可吃。
初中英语阅读理解解题技巧【第五篇】
一、我们从英语试卷上分析
英语试卷大致分为4个部分，听力理解、知识运用、阅读理解以及书面表达。每一部分的分数分别为：听力理解30分、知识运用25分、阅读理解50分、书面表达15分。说到这里大家应该都发现了一个重要信息，那就是阅读的占分比竟然如此之大，约占%。所以我们常说"得阅读者的天下"。确实是这么个道理，因为从北京的中考试卷上分析，听力和知识运用（单选）几乎不能拉开考生间的差距，几乎为送分题。如果想要利用英语这一学科提升自己的总排名，那么我们要做的就是在完形填空和阅读理解上下功夫（尤其是阅读）。但问题又来了，怎样保证阅读的准确率？这是困扰众多考生的一个关键问题。如何能够快速准确的做好阅读呢？在做阅读题的时候怎么能够准确的把握呢？北京优能一对一部于静雪老师给予同学们学习建议：
马克思主义哲学告诉我们，一切事物皆存在内因和外因，内因是事物发展的根本，而外因是事物发展的条件。在阅读中也存在着内因和外因，那么我们就来看一下哪些内因和外因影响阅读的准确率呢？
（一）词汇是根本，语法是关键
很多学生谈"阅"色变，究其原因在于看不懂，或者单词能看懂，但是放在句子中就困惑了，尤其在长难句中。这就是因为学生平时词汇积累不够，语法不扎实，不能拆分长难句，找不到句子中的逻辑关系。
针对这个问题，不用多说，一定是要提升词汇量、梳理语法，这两项基础都不是一朝一夕能够见成效的，需要日积月累。量的积累才会达到质的飞跃！
（二）做题习惯不科学
1、有些同学在做阅读时会习惯读出声音，然而这样的做题方法不仅会让你做题速度下降，而且会影响你对文章的理解。所以有这个习惯的同学建议采取默读的方式，让你的大脑集中于与视觉的合作，效果更佳；
2、有些同学在阅读时过于精细，苛求自己一定要搞清楚每一个单词的意思，每一个句子的翻译。这种因小失大的做题方法只会大大的打击你的自信心，一旦遇到自己不认识的单词或短语，就乱了阵脚，可想而知这篇阅读做题结果会怎样！在阅读中，想要认识每一个单词是不现实的，即使单词量很好，也不能保证文中的单词就一种翻译。所以，我们不必苛求自己非要弄清楚每个单词和短语，而是要习惯利用已知单词去推未知，养成这样的做题习惯才能见招拆招，无论怎么样的阅读都不会难倒你。
3、做阅读的大忌就是"词典伴你行"。在读文章时。如果你遇到生词就去查阅词典，那么一方面，你属于上一条"过于精细"，后果就是没有养成科学做题方法，没有练就"运用已知推未知"的猜词能力。任何一场考试都不会允许你翻阅字典，所以，像涂改带一样，把词典丢掉吧！另一方面，当你查阅词典的时候，就会忘记前面读到的部分内容，这时你再返回来重读一边，遇到生词再查词典，再重看文章。.。时间就这样浪费了！不能检查试卷是小，答不完试卷是大！
4、同样1篇阅读，有的学生用5分钟做完，有的学生用30分钟。这个现象很常见，主要原因在于做题注意力是否集中。多半学生在做阅读时，读着读着就走神了，等回过神来前面读了什么就忘了，周而复始，30分钟过去了，好不容易做完，准确率还不高。阅读是一个连贯性的题型，需要注意力集中，专心致志去分析文章。针对于那些容易走神的'学生，建议计时做题，有了时间的约束，可以时刻提醒自己集中于文章；或者有些同学就是对大篇幅的文章有厌读情绪，那么可以从问题和选项入手，在问题和选项中找出关键词，了解文章大概，带着问题有针对性的到文章找答案。