英语语法及知识点【热选4篇】
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学习英语语法的方法【第一篇】
学习英语语法的方法因人而异,方法很多,专家学者也各有其独到的见解。实际上学校的学生学习英语语法,绝大多数其学习的目标是要能讲写通顺无误的一般英语就可以,而不是将来要成为一个英语语法专家。所以语法书上所提出来许多规则或语法资料实在没有理由全单照收。因此学校学生学习英语语法的基本有效的方法有下列三点。
(1)对语法的规则或句型应力求充分的了解,不必作深入的理论探讨。练习都以句为单位,口头练习与书写练习并重,更应培养思路与表达趋于一体的自然语言习惯。
(2)多阅读文章,如故事、寓言、童话、小说、甚至诗歌等。阅读时要切实朗读,不可有eye-reading。阅读材料以切合自己能力或程度为佳。在阅读中并注意引证自己已学习过的语法规则,或利用自己所学过的语法规则来了解文意,体会文体,模仿英语的表达句式或习惯。记住,读过10本语法书你不一定能说写流畅的英语,但是阅读了10本小说(或文学作品),你的英语的说写能力必定能顺畅自如。
(3)不要怕犯语法上的错误。有错误,表示你已跑上了学习的道路,检查自己犯错误的原因,努力改正自己。敢犯错误的人一定会发现,他自己已更加接近成功的目标了。
英文语法:非谓语动词【第二篇】
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式
时态语态 主动被动
一般式 to doto be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2)动名词
时态语态 主动被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3)分词
时态语态 主动被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式: not +不定式, not + 动名词, not + 现在分词
英语语法及知识点【第三篇】
英语语法知识:It be time +(that)从句
在英语里,“It be time +(that)从句”是一个较为常用的句型,它表示“该做……的时候了”的意思。该句型属于主从复合句的一种;其主句部分为"It be time",从句部分的连词that可以省略。以下从三个方面简要谈谈这一句型。
一、time前面的修饰语
句型“It be time +(that)从句”通常暗示“有点迟了”,为了强调这一含义,可以在time的前面加形容词high.例如:
Its high time we started.
It is high time that more women ran the arts.
为了使语气得到进一步的加强,还可以在high的前面加certainly, more than等副词或词组:
It is certainly high time that we ordered dinner.
形容词full也可以加在time的前面,用来加强语气。例如:
Its full time you had a nice day.
It is full time that boy went to herding.
time前面还可以加about,这时句型所表达的意思是“早该……”。例如:
Its about time we started.
Its about time I settled down.
上面两例中的about可以用getting来代替,句意不变;这可以视为句型“It be time +(that)从句”的一种变体。
二、从句中的动词形式
在“(that)从句”中,动词形式通常是一般过去时。这是一种奇特而有趣的'语言现象,即用假设的过去时来代替实际的将来时。从英语史的角度来看,从句中的动词形式用过去时原是属虚拟语气;但从语言发展的观点来看,目前这种动词形式视为陈述语气比较合适。
著名语言学家夸克(R. Quirk)教授等人在1985年出版的《英语语法大全》一书中认为,“(that)从句”的动词形式一定要用“假设的过去时”。他们举了一例:Its time I was in bed.其实,动词形式除常用过去时外,也可以用其他时态和语态(用何种形式应视情况而定)。正如著名语言学家周海中教授在1988年发表的《探讨“It be time (that)…”句型》一文中所言:在现代英语里,“(that)从句”中的动词形式一般用过去时,这是基本规则;有时也可以用其他的动词形式,但应视为特殊用法。他在其文中列举了大量实例,用于论证和说明。
1.用were型虚拟语气。例如:
Its high time I were hence. (W. Shakespeare)
Its time I were gone. (A. Tennyson)
由于英语的发展,虚拟语气与陈述语气之间的区别正在逐渐消失。基于这种情况,虚拟语气的were也正在逐渐地代替陈述语气的was.
2.用be型虚拟语气。例如:
You reckon I be found anywhere with him, time he start belle ring. (W. Faulkner)
It is time that more of the research dollars now devoted to cure be diverted to finding new and more humane ways of curing that will make a cancer patients remaining years happier, more comfortable, and more productive. (Science, 1984, Vol. 5, )
动词形式用be型虚拟语气是古英语的用法。目前,这一用法在英国英语中已“日薄西山”,而在美国英语中却有“东山再起”之势,但主要见于正式文体。
3.借助情态动词should
Its time this heart should be unmoved. (G. Byron)
It may be time that I should meet with some misfortune; but I hope it is not this. (C. Dickens)
上面用法主要见于文学作品,尤其是英国人写的。
4.用过去进行时。例如:
Its time we were leaving. (H. Maclnnes)
Its time we were getting home. (E. ONeil)
上面用法通常是一些表示位置转移的动作动词。
5.用一般现在时。例如:
It is high time that the U. S. realizes it cannot continue to hide its head in the sand, for the sand has started to blow. (Newsweek, Oct. 15, 1979)
“It is time that the burden of Reaganomics is shared by those in the upper-income groups,” 0Neill declared. (Time, Jun. 20, 1983)
上面用法主要见于美国英语,尤其在新闻文体里。这是一种值得关注的语言现象。
6.用完成时。例如:
Its time that reduction in force has finally hit the federal government also. (U. S. News and World Report, Mar. 15, 1982)
Fooleries! Pshaw! Its time youd done with fooleries. (G. Eliot)
上面用法也是一种值得关注的语言现象。
三、句型中的省略现象
在口语中,可以把句型“It be time +(that)从句”中的"It be"省略。例如:
High time we left. (J. Linsay)
Time we were going. (M. Hammonds)
在一定的上下语境中,也可以把句型中的“(that)从句”省略。例如:
This program goes in that direction, and I believe its time. (T. Wicker)
在特定的语境里,甚至还可以把句型中的"It be"和“(that)从句”都省掉,意义仍然是显豁的;不过,这时time前面要用high来修饰,其后面常跟副词too,该词只是用来加强语气,并无具体意义。例如:
Hes gone back to work.—— High time, too! (Longman Dictionary of English Idioms)
顺带一提,句型“It be the +序数词+ time +(that)从句”与句型“It be time +(that)从句”在结构上有点相似,但它们在句意上是完全不同的。前者也是主从复合句,当其主句的be用一般现在时,从句的动词形式通常为现在完成时,it可以用this来代替;当其主句的be用一般过去时,从句的动词形式通常为过去完成时,it可以用that 来代替。例如:
It/This is the first time (that) I have seen him.
It/That was the third time (that) I had been there.
英文语法讲解:动词的不定式【第四篇】
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语,其形式如下:
(1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请)
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)
I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)
He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)
在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
(2)时态
1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时:
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
一般在情绪后加to do to do 也表将来
编辑本段疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如:
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接宾语)
④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)
以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I
could learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
语法功能一、作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首。如:
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
①It+be+名词+to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an h
It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.
④It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
(3)举例
(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
注意:(1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型
(2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。
(3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(错)It is to believe to see.