宾语补足语全方位解读(实用2篇)
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解析“宾语补足语”1
何为“宾语补足语”?在英语中,有些及物动词接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要一个其它的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。这种句子成分就称为“宾语补足语”。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合称为“复合宾语”。能够充当宾语补足语的大致有:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式和分词等。它们是中学阶段常见的充当宾语补足语的形式。
一、名词作宾语补足语
常用于引导名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, find, choose等。如:
We call the dog Eddie.我们叫这只狗埃迪。
They find Tom a clever boy.他们发现汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。
We made Li Lei our monitor.我们选李雷当班长。
二、形容词作宾语补足语
常用于引导形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep, make, wish, leave, think等。如:
Let’s keep our classroom clean.让我们保持教室的清洁。
We all wish you happy.我们都希望你快乐。
Do you think his idea right?你认为他的想法对吗?
三、副词作宾语补足语
常用作宾语补足语的副词有down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如:
Let him in, please.请让他进来。
Mr Wu drove us home.吴先生开车送我们回家。
Have you seen him anywhere?你有没有在哪见过他?
四、介词短语作宾语补足语
介词短语作宾语补足语常表示宾语所处的状态。如:
Make yourself at home.请随便,别拘束。
I found a cat under the table.我发现桌子底下有只猫。
We treat him as our good friend.我们把他当作好朋友。
五、不定式作宾语补足语
充当宾语补足语的不定式有三种情况:
1.带to的不定式
要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, like, want, invite, order, warn等。如:
The teacher asks us to work hard.老师要求我们努力学习。
He wants me to help him.他想让我帮助他。
The doctor warned him not to smoke.医生告诫他不要吸烟。
2.不带to的不定式
要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有“使役动词”――let, make, have 和“感官动词”――see, hear, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等两大类。如:
I often hear him sing in his room.我经常听见他在房间里唱歌。
He often makes us laugh.他经常令我们大笑。
3.可带to 也可不带to 的不定式
动词help 引导的宾语补足语可带to 也可不带to。如:
She often helps her mother (to) do some housework.她经常帮她妈妈做家务。
六、分词作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语的分词又分为现在分词与过去分词两种情况:
1.现在分词作宾语补足语――表示动作正在进行。如:
I saw them playing football.我看见他们正在踢足球。
Can you hear the birds singing in the tree?你能听见鸟儿在树上歌唱吗?
2.过去分词作宾语补足语――表
示宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动的关系。如:
I had my bike mended yesterday.昨天我请人修理了自行车。
This morning I found the window broken.今早我发现窗户坏了。
The boss hopes the work finished by Friday.老板希望在星期五之前完成这项工作。
以上是六类常见的宾语补足语形式。除此之外,还有以下两种复合宾语的形式:
A.“形式宾语(it)+宾语补足语(adj.)+真正的宾语(to do sth.)”。如:
I found it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语很难。
He thinks it silly not to forgive others for their mistakes.
他认为不肯原谅别人的过错是愚蠢的。
B.“宾语+从句(作宾语补足语)”。 如:
Call me what you like.你喜欢叫我什么就叫我什么。
He has made the factory what it is like today.他使这个工厂成为现在的样子。
宾语补足语全方位解读2
有些及物动词接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,这种句子成分就称为“宾语补足语”。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合称为“复合宾语”。能够充当宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式和分词等。
一、名词作宾语补足语
常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, elect, name, think, make, find, choose等。
例如:We call Li Ning the prince of gymnastics. 我们称李宁为体操王子。
They find Tom a clever boy. 他们发现汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。
We made Li Lei our monitor. 我们选李雷当班长。
二、形容词作宾语补足语
常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, make, wish, leave, think等。
例如:Let’s keep our classroom clean. 让我们保持教室清洁。
The workers find the manager’s advice acceptable. 工人们发现经理的建议可接受。
Kind?hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. 好心的父母已经不知不觉地让他们的孩子们失去了抵抗失败的能力。
三、副词作宾语补足语
常用作宾语补足语的副词有down, up, here, there, home, in, inside, out, outside, anywhere等。
例如:Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. 天气恶劣的时候,尽量把你的宠物放在家里。
Mr. Wu drove us home. 吴先生开车送我们回家。
Have you seen him anywhere? 你有没有在哪见过他?
四、介词短语作宾语补足语
介词短语作宾语补足语常表示宾语所处的状态。
例如:Make yourself at home. 请随便,别拘束。
We treat him as our good friend. 我们把他当作好朋友。
五、动词不定式作宾语补足语
充当宾语补足语的动词不定式有三种情况:
1. 带to的动词不定式
接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有allow, advise, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, get, tell, like, want, invite, permit, persuade, order, want, warn, wish等。
例如:Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites. 红色会导致人们的血压上升和增强人们的食欲。
Circumstances do not permit me to help you. 情况不允许我帮助你。
I advise you to listen to teachers’ lectures attentively at school. 我建议你在学校要认真听老师讲课。
Father has warned me to stand on my own legs after leaving school. 父亲已经告诉我了,毕业以后必须自立。
经典例析1(2012上海卷)As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed into the sports club.
A. going B. to go
C. go D. gone
解析答案选B。考查非谓语动词作补足语。allow sb. to do sth.的被动结构是sb. be allowed to do sth.,故答案为B项。
经典例析2(2012江西卷)Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken
C. to speak D. to have spoken
解析答案选C。本题考查invite sb. to do sth.结构,其被动语态为sb. be invited to do sth.,排除A、B项;而to have done表示已经完成的动作,不合本题逻辑。
2. 不带to的动词不定式
接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有“使役动词”(let, make, have)和“感官动词”(see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to)等两大类。
例如:I often hear him sing in his room. 我经常听见他在房间里唱歌。
例如:Warned of danger in the street at night, she had to go home with a friend following her. 她被告知晚上街上有危险,她得找个朋友跟她一起回家。
The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked. 吸烟的数量越多,患心脏病的风险就越大。
With only 20 minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station. 还只有20分钟火车就开了,我在去火车站的出租车里感到不安。
经典例析8(2012辽宁卷) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.
A. to follow B. following
C. followed D. follows
解析答案选B。with的宾语后面可接形容词、副词、分词、动词不定式、名词等作宾补,本题pet dog与follow构成主谓关系,所以用following。动词不定式表示将来的动作,不合本题逻辑,排除A项。
练一练
单项选择。
1. Passengers are permitted _______ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A. to carry B. carrying
C. to be carried D. being carried
2. Claire had her luggage ________ an hour before her plane left.
A. check B. checking
C. to check D. checked
3. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.
A. reminding B. to remind
C. reminded D. remind
4. I have a lot of readings ________ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete
C. completed D. being completed
5. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________ with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing
C. to amuse D. to be amused
6. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period of time.
A. improved B. improving
C. to improve D. improve